Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Center for Neurology, Vilnius University, 08661 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Jul 1;58(7):883. doi: 10.3390/medicina58070883.
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted routine sleep and work patterns in the general population. We conducted an anonymous online survey among white-collar workers from various finance, IT and technology companies in Lithuania to define factors associated with worse sleep quality and diminished productivity during a COVID-19 lockdown. Materials and Methods: Employees of selected companies in Lithuania completed an anonymous questionnaire online that included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), The Sleep Locus of Control (SLOC), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7), and the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (WHO-HPQ). Respondents also provided information about their sleep hygiene, physical activity and alcohol use. Results: Data of 114 respondents (56, 49.1% male) were used for analysis. Among them, 49 (43.0%) suffered from poor sleep and 29 (25.4%) had clinically relevant levels of anxiety. However, there were only negligible levels of absenteeism in the sample (a median of zero hours of work lost over the past month). In a stepwise linear regression model (F(5,108) = 11.457, p < 0.001, R2adj = 0.316), high levels of anxiety, daily hours spent using the screen, use of electronic devices in the bedroom, smoking in the evening, and COVID-19-related changes in appetite were associated with worse sleep quality. Absenteeism was associated with physical activity of moderate intensity and decreased self-reported productivity during the pandemic (F(2,111) = 7.570, p = 0.001, R2adj = 0.104). However, there was no strong relationship between sleep-related variables (i.e., sleep hygiene, sleep locus of control, quality of sleep) or levels of anxiety and measures of work productivity. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that while bad sleep hygiene, anxiety, and changes in appetite are associated with worse sleep quality among white-collar workers during the pandemic, work productivity may remain high irrespective of disrupted sleep.
COVID-19 大流行扰乱了普通人群的常规睡眠和工作模式。我们对来自立陶宛不同金融、IT 和科技公司的白领进行了一项匿名在线调查，以确定与 COVID-19 封锁期间睡眠质量下降和工作效率降低相关的因素。
立陶宛选定公司的员工在线完成了一份匿名问卷，其中包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）、睡眠控制源（SLOC）、广泛性焦虑障碍量表-7（GAD-7）和世界卫生组织健康和工作表现问卷（WHO-HPQ）。受访者还提供了有关睡眠卫生、体育活动和饮酒的信息。
共纳入 114 名受访者（56 名，49.1%为男性）进行分析。其中，49 人（30.7%）睡眠质量差，29 人（25.4%）存在临床相关程度的焦虑。然而，样本中仅有极少量的缺勤（过去一个月中平均丧失零小时工作时间）。在逐步线性回归模型中（F（5，108）=11.457，p＜0.001，R2adj=0.316），高焦虑水平、每天使用屏幕的时间、卧室中使用电子设备、晚上吸烟以及与 COVID-19 相关的食欲变化与睡眠质量差相关。中度强度的体育活动与自我报告的大流行期间工作效率降低与缺勤有关（F（2，111）=7.570，p=0.001，R2adj=0.104）。然而，睡眠相关变量（即睡眠卫生、睡眠控制源、睡眠质量）或焦虑水平与工作效率之间没有很强的关系。
我们的研究结果表明，虽然不良的睡眠卫生、焦虑和食欲变化与大流行期间白领的睡眠质量差有关，但工作效率可能仍然很高，而不受睡眠中断的影响。
