Uthman Qudus O, Atta Alisheikh A, Kadyampakeni Davie M, Qureshi Jawwad A, Morgan Kelly T, Nkedi-Kizza Peter
Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, 2181 McCarty Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Rd, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jul 14;11(14):1850. doi: 10.3390/plants11141850.
Citrus greening (huanglonbing (HLB)) disease has drastically reduced citrus fruit production in Florida over the last two decades. Scientists have developed sustainable nutrient management practices to live with the disease and continue fruit production. Best pesticide management practices have been devised to reduce the spread of HLB by Asian citrus psyllid (ACP). However, soil application of excessive nutrients and the use of soil drench application of pesticides to huanglongbing-infected citrus groves have been a serious environmental concern since the recent development of resistance to some pesticides. It is important to understand the consequences of applying pesticides and nutrients beyond the recommended application rates with an inappropriate method for citrus growth and development. Alternatively, foliar sprays of some nutrients proved effective to meet plants' requirements, and foliar sprays of effective insecticide products could provide an adequate mode of action for group rotation to minimize insecticide resistance by ACP and other pests. Sustainability in citrus production systems should include best management practices that improve pesticide and nutrient efficiency by including the total maximum daily load exiting the grove to reduce pesticide and nutrient exports into waterbodies.
在过去二十年里，柑橘黄龙病已大幅降低了佛罗里达州的柑橘产量。科学家们已制定出可持续的养分管理措施，以便与这种病害共存并继续进行水果生产。已设计出最佳农药管理措施，以减少亚洲柑橘木虱传播黄龙病。然而，自从最近一些农药出现抗性以来，向感染黄龙病的柑橘园过量施用土壤养分以及采用土壤浇灌方式施用农药一直是一个严重的环境问题。了解以不适当方式超出推荐施用量施用农药和养分对柑橘生长发育的影响非常重要。另外，事实证明，一些养分的叶面喷施对于满足植物需求是有效的，而且有效杀虫剂产品的叶面喷施可为交替使用提供适当的作用方式，以尽量减少亚洲柑橘木虱和其他害虫产生抗药性。柑橘生产系统的可持续性应包括最佳管理措施，通过纳入果园排出的每日最大总量来提高农药和养分效率，以减少农药和养分排入水体。
