Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
Viruses. 2022 Jul 16;14(7):1557. doi: 10.3390/v14071557.
In this review, we explore recombination in two very different virus families that have become major threats to human health. The Herpesviridae are a large family of pathogenic double-stranded DNA viruses involved in a range of diseases affecting both people and animals. Coronaviridae are positive-strand RNA viruses (CoVs) that have also become major threats to global health and economic stability, especially in the last two decades. Despite many differences, such as the make-up of their genetic material (DNA vs. RNA) and overall mechanisms of genome replication, both human herpes viruses (HHVs) and CoVs have evolved to rely heavily on recombination for viral genome replication, adaptation to new hosts and evasion of host immune regulation. In this review, we will focus on the roles of three viral exonucleases: two HHV exonucleases (alkaline nuclease and PolExo) and one CoV exonuclease (ExoN). We will review the roles of these three nucleases in their respective life cycles and discuss the state of drug discovery efforts against these targets.
在这篇综述中，我们探讨了两种非常不同的病毒家族中的重组现象，这两种病毒家族已成为人类健康的主要威胁。疱疹病毒科是一类大型的双链 DNA 病毒家族，与人类和动物的多种疾病有关。冠状病毒科是正链 RNA 病毒（CoVs），它们也已成为全球健康和经济稳定的主要威胁，尤其是在过去二十年。尽管存在许多差异，例如其遗传物质（DNA 与 RNA）的组成和总体基因组复制机制，但人类疱疹病毒（HHVs）和 CoVs 都已进化到严重依赖重组来进行病毒基因组复制、适应新宿主和逃避宿主免疫调节。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍三种病毒外切核酸酶的作用：两种疱疹病毒外切核酸酶（碱性核酸酶和 PolExo）和一种冠状病毒外切核酸酶（ExoN）。我们将回顾这三种核酸酶在各自生命周期中的作用，并讨论针对这些靶标的药物发现工作的现状。
