Haider Maryam B, Naylor Paul, Das Avijit, Haider Syed M, Ehrinpreis Murray N
Internal Medicine, Detroit Medical Center/Wayne State University Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit, USA.
Gastroenterology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA.
Cureus. 2022 Jun 21;14(6):e26151. doi: 10.7759/cureus.26151. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with celiac disease (CD) with limited evidence. However, the common risk factors linking CD and CAD are still lacking in the literature. Known CAD risk factors include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and tobacco use. Common risk factors linking CD and CAD are poorly documented. Objective There are three objectives: Firstly, to evaluate potential demographic differences between CD patients with CAD and without CAD. Secondly, to analyze the risk factors of CAD in CD patients. Lastly, to compare CD-CAD and matched non-CD CAD to determine whether there are additional CAD risks in individuals with CD. Methods The study is a nationwide retrospective case-control study. The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to identify patients admitted between 2016 and 2018 with a principal or secondary diagnosis of CD. We analyzed sociodemographic and clinical risk factors of CAD in CD patients and compared the CD-CAD population with the matched non-CD CAD cohort. Results Out of 23,441 hospitalizations with CD in 2016-2018, 4244 (18%) were found to have CAD. Established CAD risk factors identified in CD patients included hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and a family history of CAD. In contrast, tobacco use is not a CAD risk factor in CD patients. Female patients with CD had 55% lesser odds of CAD than male patients. The odds of CAD in CD patients with hyperlipidemia were five times higher, 1.2 times higher with essential hypertension, and two times higher with type 2 diabetes. Patients with CAD had a higher prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (9.33% CD-CAD and 8.28% non-CAD CD Vs. 7.32% non-CD CAD). Conclusions Our study confirms that, as with non-CD individuals, males and the White race are at increased CAD risk in the CD population. CD-CAD patients have a higher hyperlipidemia prevalence than non-CD CAD patients. CD patients with type 1 diabetes have an early diagnosis of CAD compared to CD patients with type 2 diabetes. Iron deficiency anemia is a statistically significant risk factor for CAD in CD patients.
冠状动脉疾病（CAD）与乳糜泻（CD）相关，但证据有限。然而，文献中仍缺乏将CD和CAD联系起来的常见风险因素。已知的CAD风险因素包括高血压、高脂血症、2型糖尿病、肥胖和吸烟。将CD和CAD联系起来的常见风险因素记录较少。
有三个目标：首先，评估患有CAD和未患有CAD的CD患者之间潜在的人口统计学差异。其次，分析CD患者中CAD的风险因素。最后，比较CD-CAD患者和匹配的非CD CAD患者，以确定CD患者是否存在额外的CAD风险。
该研究是一项全国性的回顾性病例对照研究。使用国家住院样本（NIS）数据库来识别2016年至2018年间因主要或次要诊断为CD而入院的患者。我们分析了CD患者中CAD的社会人口统计学和临床风险因素，并将CD-CAD人群与匹配的非CD CAD队列进行比较。
在2016 - 2018年的23441例CD住院患者中，发现4244例（18%）患有CAD。在CD患者中确定的已有的CAD风险因素包括高血压、高脂血症、2型糖尿病和CAD家族史。相比之下，吸烟不是CD患者的CAD风险因素。患有CD的女性患者患CAD的几率比男性患者低55%。患有高脂血症的CD患者患CAD的几率高五倍，原发性高血压患者高1.2倍，2型糖尿病患者高两倍。CAD患者中铁缺乏性贫血的患病率更高（CD-CAD患者为9.33%，非CAD CD患者为8.28%，非CD CAD患者为7.32%）。
我们的研究证实，与非CD个体一样，男性和白种人在CD人群中患CAD的风险增加。CD-CAD患者的高脂血症患病率高于非CD CAD患者。与2型糖尿病的CD患者相比，1型糖尿病的CD患者CAD诊断更早。铁缺乏性贫血是CD患者患CAD的一个具有统计学意义的风险因素。
