Elhady Mohamed A, Khalaf Abdel Azeim A, Ibrahim Marwa A, Hassanen Eman I, Abdelrahman Rehab E, Noshy Peter A
Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Giza Egypt.
Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, Giza Egypt.
J Vet Res. 2022 Jul 5;66(2):167-177. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0030. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin notably produced by and spp. fermentation extract (BSFE) contains specific enzymes which hydrolyse OTA. This study evaluated the efficiency of BSFE in ameliorating the immunotoxic and nephrotoxic effects of OTA in broiler chickens.
Day-old broiler chicks were divided equally into four groups of ten: control, OTA (0.5 mg/kg feed), BSFE product (1 mL/L water) and OTA + BSFE at the same concentrations. The chicks were vaccinated against avian influenza, Newcastle disease, and infectious bronchitis, and lymphoproliferation was induced in all birds by phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P). Serum samples were taken before sacrifice and organ tissue samples were taken after, in which renal function biomarkers were assayed and the presence of OTA residue was evaluated by high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Protein markers of apoptosis were determined by qPCR, and tissue lesions were examined histopathologically.
Exposure to OTA significantly decreased the antibody response to the vaccines and the lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P, and significantly elevated the renal function indicators: serum urea, uric acid and creatinine. It also induced oxidative stress (reduced catalase activity and glutathione concentration), lipid peroxidation (increased malondialdehyde content), apoptosis (increased and and decreased gene levels) and pathological lesions in kidney, bursa of Fabricius, spleen and thymus tissue. Residues of OTA were detected in the serum and tissue. BSFE mitigated most of these toxic effects.
BSFE counters OTA-induced immunotoxicity and nephrotoxicity because of its content of carboxypeptidase and protease enzymes.
赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）是一种主要由曲霉属和青霉属产生的霉菌毒素。芽孢杆菌发酵提取物（BSFE）含有能水解OTA的特定酶。本研究评估了BSFE改善OTA对肉鸡免疫毒性和肾毒性作用的效果。
1日龄肉鸡雏鸡平均分为四组，每组10只：对照组、OTA组（0.5毫克/千克饲料）、BSFE产品组（1毫升/升水）以及相同浓度的OTA + BSFE组。雏鸡接种禽流感、新城疫和传染性支气管炎疫苗，所有鸡只均通过植物血凝素-P（PHA-P）诱导淋巴细胞增殖。处死前采集血清样本，处死后采集器官组织样本，检测其中的肾功能生物标志物，并通过高效薄层色谱法评估OTA残留情况。通过qPCR测定凋亡蛋白标志物，并进行组织病理学检查以观察组织病变。
暴露于OTA显著降低了对疫苗的抗体反应以及对PHA-P的淋巴细胞增殖反应，并显著提高了肾功能指标：血清尿素、尿酸和肌酐。它还诱导了氧化应激（过氧化氢酶活性降低和谷胱甘肽浓度降低）、脂质过氧化（丙二醛含量增加）、凋亡（ Bax和Bcl-2基因水平增加和Bcl-xl基因水平降低）以及肾脏、法氏囊、脾脏和胸腺组织的病理病变。在血清和组织中检测到了OTA残留。BSFE减轻了这些毒性作用中的大部分。
由于其含有的羧肽酶和蛋白酶，BSFE可对抗OTA诱导的免疫毒性和肾毒性。
