APC Microbiome Ireland, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
School of Microbiology, UCC, Cork, Ireland.
Allergy. 2022 Dec;77(12):3513-3526. doi: 10.1111/all.15455. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
Metabolic health and immune function are intimately connected via diet and the microbiota. Nearly 90% of all immune cells in the body are associated with the gastrointestinal tract and these immune cells are continuously exposed to a wide range of microbes and microbial-derived compounds, with important systemic ramifications. Microbial dysbiosis has consistently been observed in patients with atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma and the molecular mechanisms linking changes in microbial populations with disease risk and disease endotypes are being intensively investigated. The discovery of novel bacterial metabolites that impact immune function is at the forefront of host-microbe research. Co-evolution of microbial communities within their hosts has resulted in intertwined metabolic pathways that affect physiological and pathological processes. However, recent dietary and lifestyle changes are thought to negatively influence interactions between microbes and their host. This review provides an overview of some of the critical metabolite-receptor interactions that have been recently described, which may underpin the immunomodulatory effects of the microbiota, and are of relevance for allergy, asthma and infectious diseases.
代谢健康和免疫功能通过饮食和微生物组密切相关。体内近 90%的免疫细胞与胃肠道相关，这些免疫细胞不断暴露于广泛的微生物和微生物衍生的化合物中，具有重要的全身影响。特应性皮炎、食物过敏和哮喘患者中一直观察到微生物失调，目前正在深入研究将微生物种群变化与疾病风险和疾病表型联系起来的分子机制。发现影响免疫功能的新型细菌代谢物是宿主-微生物研究的前沿。微生物群落在宿主中的共同进化导致了相互交织的代谢途径，影响生理和病理过程。然而，最近的饮食和生活方式的改变被认为会对微生物与其宿主之间的相互作用产生负面影响。这篇综述概述了最近描述的一些关键代谢物-受体相互作用，这些相互作用可能是微生物群产生免疫调节作用的基础，与过敏、哮喘和传染病有关。
