Chalkias Ioannis-Nikolaos, Bakirtzis Christos, Pirounides Demetrios, Boziki Marina Kleopatra, Grigoriadis Nikolaos
Department of Ophthalmology, AHEPA University Hospital, 54626 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Multiple Sclerosis Center, Second Department of Neurology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Jul 25;10(8):1386. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10081386.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative, potentially disabling disease of the central nervous system. OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) and OCT-A (Optical Coherence Tomography with Angiography) are imaging techniques for the retina and choroid that are used in the diagnosis and monitoring of ophthalmological conditions. Their use has recently expanded the study of several autoimmune disorders, including MS. Although their application in MS remains unclear, the results seem promising. This review aimed to provide insight into the most recent OCT and OCT-A findings in MS and may function as a reference point for future research. According to the current literature, the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform complex (GC-IPL) are significantly reduced in people with MS and are inversely correlated with disease duration. The use of OCT might help distinguish between MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), as the latter presents with more pronounced thinning in both the RNFL and GC-IPL. The OCT-A findings in MS include reduced vessel density in the macula, peripapillary area, or both, and the enlargement of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in the setting of optic neuritis. Additionally, OCT-A might be able to detect damage in the very early stages of the disease as well as disease progression in severe cases.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种炎症性和神经退行性疾病，可能导致中枢神经系统功能障碍。光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和光学相干断层扫描血管造影（OCT-A）是用于视网膜和脉络膜的成像技术，用于眼科疾病的诊断和监测。它们的应用最近扩展到了包括MS在内的几种自身免疫性疾病的研究中。尽管它们在MS中的应用仍不明确，但结果似乎很有前景。本综述旨在深入了解MS中最新的OCT和OCT-A研究结果，并可为未来的研究提供参考。根据目前的文献，MS患者的视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）和神经节细胞-内丛状复合体（GC-IPL）明显变薄，且与病程呈负相关。使用OCT可能有助于区分MS和视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍（NMOSD），因为后者在RNFL和GC-IPL中均表现出更明显的变薄。MS的OCT-A研究结果包括黄斑、视乳头周围区域或两者的血管密度降低，以及在视神经炎情况下黄斑无血管区（FAZ）扩大。此外，OCT-A可能能够在疾病的极早期检测到损伤，并在严重病例中检测到疾病进展。
