Doctora en Educación. Posdoctora en Desinstitucionalización. Profesora, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências - Câmpus de Marília, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil.
PhD en Psiquiatría. Profesor, Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdon.
Salud Colect. 2021 Nov 30;17:e3563. doi: 10.18294/sc.2021.3563.
This article looks at the principles and guidelines of the Unified Health System as well as the current situation and the limitations and possibilities of Brazilian mental health policy. Based on a review of national and international government documents and the scientific literature from 2015-2020, the study observed positive advances in mental health. However, the psychiatric reform has experienced setbacks, and the balance of mental health care has swung towards hospital-centered treatment. These changes have impeded the implementation of the Psychosocial Care Network, as well as the development of therapeutic practices and strategies focused on the person's experience, their daily life and their relations with the health promotion network. By questioning the supremacy of medical-psychiatric knowledge in the treatment of "mental illness" in the public health care system, the psychiatric reform cleared a path for the construction of new ways of addressing psychological suffering. These gains are currently at risk, making a wider debate on the current trends in mental health care in Brazil essential.
本文探讨了统一卫生系统的原则和指导方针，以及巴西精神卫生政策的现状、局限性和可能性。基于对 2015-2020 年国家和国际政府文件以及科学文献的回顾，本研究观察到精神卫生领域的积极进展。然而，精神科改革遭遇挫折，精神卫生保健的平衡倾向于以医院为中心的治疗。这些变化阻碍了心理社会保健网络的实施，以及以个人体验、日常生活和与健康促进网络的关系为重点的治疗实践和策略的发展。通过质疑公共卫生保健系统中医疗-精神病学知识在治疗“精神疾病”方面的至高无上地位，精神科改革为构建解决心理痛苦的新方法开辟了道路。这些成果目前面临风险，因此有必要就巴西当前的精神卫生保健趋势展开更广泛的辩论。
