Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
The Norwegian Centre for Movement Disorders, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2023 Feb;36(1):40-50. doi: 10.1111/jhn.13070. Epub 2022 Aug 26.
People with Parkinson's disease (PD) often experience symptoms that affect their ability to eat. This may contribute to weight loss and increased risk of malnutrition. The present study aimed to quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in the population and a scoring system of NIS was incorporated in the tool used to identify malnutrition.
In this cross-sectional study, members of the Norwegian Parkinson's Association, with any PD diagnosis and stage of illness, were invited to respond to an online 24-item questionnaire. Questions from two validated questionnaires, comprising the abridged Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (aPG-SGA) and the Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's disease (ROMP), were adapted to an online format.
The questionnaire was sent to 3047 members, of which 508 persons (17%) responded (61% men). In total, 59% were categorised as well-nourished, 34% at risk of malnutrition and 6.5% as malnourished. One quarter of all participants reported symptoms that affected food intake. The most frequent symptoms were constipation (14.2%) and dry mouth (13.4%). Malnourished participants reported a mean ± SD of 3.4 ± 1.4 symptoms versus 0.1 ± 0.3 per well-nourished participant. Malnourished participants had more swallowing problems than well-nourished participants, with a mean ± SD total ROMP score of 15.5 ± 6.0 versus 9.0 ± 2.9 (p < 0.001). As the number of points in the ROMP score increased by one, the points in the aPG-SGA score increased with 37% (95% confidence interval = 0.309-0.428).
Risk of malnutrition was largely related to NIS, especially dysphagia in people with PD. Symptoms affecting food intake should be systematically mapped and treated in conjunction with PD to prevent malnutrition.
帕金森病（PD）患者常出现影响进食能力的症状，这可能导致体重下降和营养不良风险增加。本研究旨在定量评估人群中营养影响症状（NIS）的程度，并在用于识别营养不良的工具中纳入 NIS 评分系统。
在这项横断面研究中，邀请挪威帕金森协会的成员（任何 PD 诊断和疾病阶段）回答在线的 24 项问卷。两个经过验证的问卷（简短患者生成的主观全面评估（aPG-SGA）和帕金森病 Radboud 口腔运动评估（ROMP））中的问题被改编为在线格式。
问卷发送给了 3047 名成员，其中 508 人（17%）做出了回应（61%为男性）。总的来说，59%的人被归类为营养良好，34%有营养不良风险，6.5%为营养不良。四分之一的参与者报告了影响进食的症状。最常见的症状是便秘（14.2%）和口干（13.4%）。营养不良的参与者报告平均 ± 标准差为 3.4 ± 1.4 个症状，而营养良好的参与者为 0.1 ± 0.3 个症状。与营养良好的参与者相比，营养不良的参与者吞咽问题更多，平均 ± 标准差的 ROMP 总分为 15.5 ± 6.0，而 9.0 ± 2.9（p < 0.001）。ROMP 评分每增加一分，aPG-SGA 评分增加 37%（95%置信区间=0.309-0.428）。
营养不良的风险主要与 NIS 相关，尤其是 PD 患者的吞咽困难。应系统地绘制和治疗影响进食的症状，并与 PD 一起治疗，以预防营养不良。
