Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences at Odawara, International University of Health and Welfare, Yokosuka 250-8588, Japan.
Komaki City Hospital, Komaki 485-8520, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 25;19(15):9056. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19159056.
Fall incidents are increasing every year and prevention is necessary. Preventing falls can increase the quality of life of the elderly and decrease medical costs. Stumbling and tripping are the main causes of falls and falls in the lateral direction, causing the hip fracture. This study aimed to analyze the accuracy and speed of lateral obstacle crossing in the elderly, especially from leaning posture. Twenty healthy older adults (6 men and 14 women, aged 71.7 ± 1.5 years) and 20 healthy young adults (5 men and 15 women, aged 21.4 ± 1.2 years) participated in this study. We set four conditions (normal, fast, leaning, and leaning fast), and participants crossed the obstacle laterally ten times under each condition. The crossing motion was captured using a three-dimensional analysis system. The trajectory of the foot, landed position, step time, center of gravity of the body, and moment of the lower extremity during the swing phase were calculated and compared between older and younger adults. In the leaning condition, the step time and knee moment of the elderly were significantly longer and larger than those of young adults. From the results of the trajectory of the foot and landed position in the leaning condition, motion inconsistency of the foot was found in the elderly. We believe that it is difficult for the elderly to perform the intended crossing motion and swing quickly because of aging. This inconsistency in motion is a serious cause of falls in the elderly.
跌倒事件每年都在增加，因此预防措施必不可少。预防跌倒可以提高老年人的生活质量并降低医疗成本。绊倒和滑倒是跌倒的主要原因，尤其是侧向跌倒会导致髋部骨折。本研究旨在分析老年人，尤其是从倾斜姿势侧向越过障碍物的准确性和速度。 20 名健康的老年人（6 名男性和 14 名女性，年龄 71.7 ± 1.5 岁）和 20 名健康的年轻人（5 名男性和 15 名女性，年龄 21.4 ± 1.2 岁）参加了这项研究。我们设置了四个条件（正常、快速、倾斜和快速倾斜），参与者在每种条件下侧向越过障碍物十次。使用三维分析系统捕捉穿越动作。计算并比较了老年人和年轻人在摆动阶段的脚轨迹、着陆位置、步时、身体重心和下肢力矩。在倾斜状态下，老年人的步时和膝关节力矩明显长于年轻人。从倾斜状态下脚的轨迹和着陆位置的结果来看，老年人的脚部运动存在不一致性。我们认为，由于衰老，老年人很难快速执行预期的穿越动作和摆动动作。这种运动的不一致性是老年人跌倒的严重原因。
