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木薯茎化学改性活性炭的表征及氧氟沙星吸附研究

Characterization and Ofloxacin Adsorption Studies of Chemically Modified Activated Carbon from Cassava Stem.

作者信息

Sulaiman Nurul Syuhada, Mohamad Amini Mohd Hazim, Danish Mohammed, Sulaiman Othman, Hashim Rokiah, Demirel Samet, Demirel Gaye Kose

机构信息

Division of Bioresource Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Malaysia.

Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, University Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Jeli 17600, Malaysia.

出版信息

Materials (Basel). 2022 Jul 22;15(15):5117. doi: 10.3390/ma15155117.

DOI:10.3390/ma15155117
PMID:35897550
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9329759/
Abstract

Cassava is a type of crop popular in Asian countries. It can be easily cultivated and grows to a mature plant in 9 months. Considering its availability, this work studied activated carbon based on cassava stem. Ofloxacin was chosen as the adsorbate, simulating the wastewater from the pharmaceutical industry. Cassava stem was ground into particles and heated to the activated state, 787 °C. The cassava-stem-activated carbon was further treated with the surface modifier, namely sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride, to study the improvement in ofloxacin adsorption. Prepared adsorbents were characterised using the SEM, FT-IR, XRD, DSC and TGA methods before being evaluated through batch adsorption, thermodynamic, and kinetic studies. The surface area analysis indicates that treatment of the activated carbon with NaOH and ZnCl increases the surface area due to the removal of organic content by the chemicals. Better ofloxacin adsorption of all activated carbon samples can be obtained with solutions at pH 8. An endothermic reaction was predicted, shown by higher ofloxacin adsorption at a higher temperature, supported by a positive value of ΔH° in the thermodynamic studies. The negative values of ΔG° revealed that adsorptions were spontaneous. The higher R values indicate that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order equation of kinetic study. The maximum adsorption capacities are 42.37, 62.11, 62.89 and 58.82 mg/g for raw cassava stem (RC), cassava-stem-activated carbon (AC), NaOH-modified cassava-stem-activated carbon (NAC), and ZnCl modified cassava-stem-activated carbon (ZAC). The adsorption capacity is good compared to previous works by other researchers, making it a possible alternative material for the pharmaceutical industry's wastewater treatment.

摘要

木薯是一种在亚洲国家很受欢迎的作物。它易于种植，9个月就能长成成熟植株。考虑到其可得性，这项工作研究了基于木薯茎的活性炭。选择氧氟沙星作为吸附质，模拟制药行业的废水。将木薯茎磨成颗粒并加热至活化状态，787℃。用表面改性剂氢氧化钠和氯化锌对木薯茎活性炭进行进一步处理，以研究其对氧氟沙星吸附性能的改善。在通过批量吸附、热力学和动力学研究进行评估之前，使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）和热重分析法（TGA）对制备的吸附剂进行表征。表面积分析表明，用氢氧化钠和氯化锌处理活性炭会增加表面积，这是由于化学物质去除了有机成分。在pH值为8时，可以获得所有活性炭样品对氧氟沙星的更好吸附效果。预测为吸热反应，这表现为在较高温度下氧氟沙星的吸附量更高，热力学研究中的ΔH°正值支持了这一点。ΔG°的负值表明吸附是自发的。较高的R值表明吸附过程遵循动力学研究中的准二级方程。生木薯茎（RC）、木薯茎活性炭（AC）、氢氧化钠改性木薯茎活性炭（NAC）和氯化锌改性木薯茎活性炭（ZAC）的最大吸附容量分别为42.37、62.11、62.89和58.82mg/g。与其他研究人员之前的工作相比，该吸附容量良好，使其成为制药行业废水处理的一种可能替代材料。

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