Hematites Precipitated in Alkaline Precursors: Comparison of Structural and Textural Properties for Methane Oxidation.

Hematite (α-FeO) catalysts prepared using the precipitation methods was found to be highly effective, and therefore, it was studied with methane (CH), showing an excellent stable performance below 500 °C. This study investigates hematite nanoparticles (NPs) obtained by precipitation in water from the precursor of ferric chloride hexahydrate using precipitating agents NaOH or NHOH at maintained pH 11 and calcined up to 500 °C for the catalytic oxidation of low concentrations of CH (5% by volume in air) at 500 °C to compare their structural state in a CH reducing environment. The conversion (%) of CH values decreasing with time was discussed according to the course of different transformation of goethite and hydrohematites NPs precursors to magnetite and the structural state of the calcined hydrohematites. The phase composition, the size and morphology of nanocrystallites, thermal transformation of precipitates and the specific surface area of the NPs were characterized in detail by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal TG/DTA analysis and nitrogen physisorption measurements. The results support the finding that after goethite dehydration, transformation to hydrohematite due to structurally incorporated water and vacancies is different from hydrohematite α-FeO. The surface area BET of FeO_NH-70 precipitate composed of protohematite was larger by about 53 m/g in comparison with FeO_Na-70 precipitate composed of goethite. The oxidation of methane was positively influenced by the hydrohematites of the smaller particle size and the largest lattice volume containing structurally incorporated water and vacancies.