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物联网和无线传感器网络中基于 LoRa 的仿真器的调查与比较研究。

Survey and Comparative Study of LoRa-Enabled Simulators for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks.

机构信息

Communication and Information Technology, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.

Sustainable Communication Networks, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.

出版信息

Sensors (Basel). 2022 Jul 25;22(15):5546. doi: 10.3390/s22155546.

DOI:10.3390/s22155546
PMID:35898045
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9370880/
Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is one of the most important emerging technologies, spanning a myriad of possible applications, especially with the increasing number and variety of connected devices. Several network simulation tools have been developed with widely varying focuses and used in many research fields. Thus, it is critical to simulate the work of such systems and applications before actual deployment. This paper explores the landscape of available IoT and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) simulators and compares their performance using the Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) communication technology called LoRa (Long Range), which has recently gained a lot of interest. Using a systematic approach, we present a chronological survey of available IoT and WSNs simulation tools. With this, we categorized and content-analyzed published scientific papers in the IoT and WSNs simulation tools research domain by highlighting the simulation tools, study type, scope of study and performance measures of the studies. Next, we present an overview of LoRa/LoRaWAN technology by considering its architecture, transmission parameters, device classes and available simulation tools. Furthermore, we discussed three popular open-source simulation tools/frameworks, namely, NS-3, OMNeT++ (FLoRa) and LoRaSim, for the simulation of LoRa/LoRaWAN networks. Finally, we evaluate their performance in terms of Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), CPU utilization, memory usage, execution time and the number of collisions.

摘要

物联网 (IoT) 是最重要的新兴技术之一，涵盖了无数可能的应用，尤其是随着连接设备的数量和种类的不断增加。已经开发了几种具有广泛不同侧重点的网络仿真工具，并在许多研究领域中得到了应用。因此，在实际部署之前模拟此类系统和应用程序的工作至关重要。本文探讨了可用的物联网和无线传感器网络 (WSN) 模拟器的现状，并使用最近受到广泛关注的称为 LoRa（远距离）的低功耗广域网 (LPWAN) 通信技术比较了它们的性能。我们采用系统的方法，按照时间顺序对可用的物联网和 WSN 仿真工具进行了调查。通过这种方式，我们对物联网和 WSN 仿真工具研究领域的已发表科学论文进行了分类和内容分析，突出了仿真工具、研究类型、研究范围和研究的性能指标。接下来，我们通过考虑 LoRa/LoRaWAN 技术的架构、传输参数、设备类别和可用的仿真工具，对其进行了概述。此外，我们讨论了三个流行的开源仿真工具/框架，即 NS-3、OMNeT++ (FLoRa) 和 LoRaSim，用于模拟 LoRa/LoRaWAN 网络。最后，我们根据数据包投递率 (PDR)、CPU 利用率、内存使用情况、执行时间和冲突数量来评估它们的性能。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/0df1c2db5c26/sensors-22-05546-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/a96f70841a6f/sensors-22-05546-g001.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/e4a5ca16a917/sensors-22-05546-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/c14b851c8115/sensors-22-05546-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/c901de5861b4/sensors-22-05546-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/0b510a1e505c/sensors-22-05546-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/5bf729743cd3/sensors-22-05546-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/1a592b85fbf3/sensors-22-05546-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/60e96b586a52/sensors-22-05546-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/529ac7cd7003/sensors-22-05546-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/0df1c2db5c26/sensors-22-05546-g012.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/a96f70841a6f/sensors-22-05546-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/b58615878b7c/sensors-22-05546-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/100ab862ee54/sensors-22-05546-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/e4a5ca16a917/sensors-22-05546-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/c14b851c8115/sensors-22-05546-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/c901de5861b4/sensors-22-05546-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/0b510a1e505c/sensors-22-05546-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/5bf729743cd3/sensors-22-05546-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/1a592b85fbf3/sensors-22-05546-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/60e96b586a52/sensors-22-05546-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/529ac7cd7003/sensors-22-05546-g011.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ac1c/9370880/0df1c2db5c26/sensors-22-05546-g012.jpg

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