Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria.
Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Niger Postgrad Med J. 2022 Jul-Sep;29(3):228-235. doi: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_19_22.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the public health diseases causing global health problems. It is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood transfusion is a major route of its transmission and screening of blood is suboptimal in our environment. Occult HBV infection describes the presence of HBV DNA in blood or liver tissue in patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegative. This study documented the common genotypes of HBV a blood-borne infection in the population of blood donors in Lagos.
This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the blood donor clinics of ten Lagos State Government-owned hospitals in Lagos State. A total of 1400 participants were recruited consecutively from November 2020 to June 2021. All participants' samples were screened using Diaspot Rapid Test Kit (RTK) and Dialabenzyme enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Furthermore, some of the plasma samples were used for HBV DNA extraction and genotyping using the real time-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 and P value was considered significant at ≤0.05.
The sero-prevalence of HBsAg using RTK and ELISA was 19.9% and 22.4%, respectively. The prevalence of occult HBV infection was 5.2%. A total of 278 and 313 HBsAg RTK and ELISA positive samples were obtained, respectively. HBV genotype result had A (46.6%) as the most prevalent followed closely by B (44.7%), E (23.8%), D (20.9%) and C (11.2%).
HBV infection has a high prevalence among blood donors. ELISA is a more sensitive screening tool and its use should be advocated nationally. HBV genotype A is the most prevalent genotype from our study.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染是导致全球健康问题的公共卫生疾病之一。它是肝硬化和肝细胞癌的主要病因。输血是其主要传播途径，而我们的环境中血液筛查并不理想。隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染是指乙型肝炎表面抗原（HBsAg）阴性的患者血液或肝组织中存在 HBV DNA。本研究记录了拉各斯献血者人群中血液传播感染的 HBV 常见基因型。
这是一项在拉各斯州 10 家州立政府医院的献血者诊所进行的横断面研究。2020 年 11 月至 2021 年 6 月期间，连续招募了 1400 名参与者。使用 Diaspot 快速检测试剂盒（RTK）和 Dialabenzyme 酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒对所有参与者的样本进行筛查。此外，一些血浆样本用于提取 HBV DNA 并使用实时聚合酶链反应进行基因分型。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）版本 26 进行统计分析，P 值≤0.05 认为具有统计学意义。
使用 RTK 和 ELISA 检测 HBsAg 的血清阳性率分别为 19.9%和 22.4%。隐匿性乙型肝炎病毒感染的患病率为 5.2%。分别获得了 278 份和 313 份 HBsAg RTK 和 ELISA 阳性样本。HBV 基因型结果显示 A（46.6%）最为常见，其次是 B（44.7%）、E（23.8%）、D（20.9%）和 C（11.2%）。
HBV 感染在献血者中患病率较高。ELISA 是一种更敏感的筛查工具，应在全国范围内推广使用。从我们的研究来看，HBV 基因型 A 是最常见的基因型。
