School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TH, United Kingdom.
Evolution. 2022 Sep;76(9):2191-2198. doi: 10.1111/evo.14585. Epub 2022 Aug 7.
Population viscosity has long been thought to promote the evolution of altruism. However, in the simplest scenarios, the potential for altruism is invariant with respect to dispersal-a surprising result that holds for haploidy, diploidy, and haplodiploidy (arrhenotoky). Here, we develop a kin-selection model to investigate how population viscosity affects the potential for altruism in species with male paternal genome elimination (PGE), exploring altruism enacted by both females and males, and both juveniles and adults. We find that (1) PGE promotes altruistic behaviors relative to the other inheritance systems, and to a degree that depends on the extent of paternal genome expression. (2) Under PGE, dispersal increases the potential for altruism in juveniles and decreases it in adults. (3) The genetics of PGE can lead to striking differences in sex-specific potentials for altruism, even in the absence of any sex differences in ecology.
长久以来，人们一直认为种群黏性有助于促进利他行为的进化。然而，在最简单的情景下，扩散对利他行为的潜在影响是不变的，这一结果适用于单倍体、二倍体和单倍二倍体（孤雌生殖）。在这里，我们开发了一个亲缘选择模型来研究种群黏性如何影响具有雄性父本基因组消除（PGE）的物种的利他主义潜力，同时探索了雌性和雄性、幼体和成年个体实施的利他行为。我们发现：（1）与其他遗传系统相比，PGE 促进了利他行为，其程度取决于父本基因组表达的程度。（2）在 PGE 下，扩散增加了幼体的利他潜力，降低了成年个体的利他潜力。（3）PGE 的遗传学可以导致在利他主义的性别特异性潜力方面出现显著差异，即使在生态方面没有任何性别差异的情况下也是如此。
