Li Mengjiao, Lindenmuth Morgan, Tarnai Kathryn, Lee Jacob, King-Casas Brooks, Kim-Spoon Jungmeen, Deater-Deckard Kirby
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Oct;57:101139. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101139. Epub 2022 Jul 20.
Cognitive control is of great interest to researchers and practitioners. The concurrent association between family socioeconomic status (SES) and adolescent cognitive control is well-documented. However, little is known about whether and how SES relates to individual differences in the development of adolescent cognitive control. The current four-year longitudinal investigation (N = 167, 13-14 years at Wave 1) used multi-source interference task performance (reaction time in interference correct trials minus neutral correct trials) and corresponding neural activities (blood oxygen level dependent contrast of interference versus neutral conditions) as measures of cognitive control. SES and parenting behaviors (warmth, monitoring) were measured through surveys. We examined direct and indirect effects of earlier SES on the development of cognitive control via parenting behaviors; the moderating effect of parenting also was explored. Results of latent growth modeling (LGM) revealed significant interactive effects between SES and parenting predicting behavioral and neural measures of cognitive control. Lower family SES was associated with poorer cognitive performance when coupled with low parental warmth. In contrast, higher family SES was associated with greater improvement in performance, as well as a higher intercept and steeper decrease in frontoparietal activation over time, when coupled with high parental monitoring. These findings extend prior cross-sectional evidence to show the moderating effect of the parenting environment on the potential effects of SES on developmental changes in adolescent cognitive control.
认知控制引起了研究人员和从业者的极大兴趣。家庭社会经济地位（SES）与青少年认知控制之间的并发关联已有充分记录。然而，关于SES是否以及如何与青少年认知控制发展中的个体差异相关，我们知之甚少。当前这项为期四年的纵向调查（N = 167，第一次测试时年龄为13 - 14岁）使用多源干扰任务表现（干扰正确试验中的反应时间减去中性正确试验中的反应时间）和相应的神经活动（干扰条件与中性条件下的血氧水平依赖对比）作为认知控制的测量指标。SES和养育行为（温暖程度、监督）通过问卷调查进行测量。我们研究了早期SES通过养育行为对认知控制发展的直接和间接影响；还探讨了养育行为的调节作用。潜在增长模型（LGM）的结果显示，SES与养育行为之间存在显著的交互作用，可预测认知控制的行为和神经测量指标。当父母温暖程度较低时，较低的家庭SES与较差的认知表现相关。相比之下，当父母监督程度较高时，较高的家庭SES与表现的更大改善相关，以及随着时间推移额叶顶叶激活的更高截距和更陡峭下降相关。这些发现扩展了先前的横断面证据，以表明养育环境对SES对青少年认知控制发展变化的潜在影响的调节作用。
