Parasite & Health Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, University of Valencia-Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
Parasite & Health Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2022 Oct 16;379:109847. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109847. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
The role of vegetables usually consumed without prior culinary treatment is known to contribute to the prevalence of foodborne diseases. Cysts and oocysts can contaminate food, which can then be the source of infection in humans. The aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. (oo)cysts in green leafy vegetables marketed in the city of Valencia (Spain) combining parasitological methods, two real-time qPCRs and light microscopy. An experimental field study was conducted on 129 vegetable samples, 64 from conventional farms and 65 from ecological (organic) farms. The samples were washed with water, and the resulting solution after removing the vegetables, was subjected to 24-hour sedimentation. The concentrated sediment was used for the search for protozoa. A positive result by both real-time PCRs, or a positive result by one qPCR and confirmation by microscopy was established as a positivity criterion. Giardia duodenalis was detected in 23.0 % of the samples, and Cryptosporidium spp. in 7.8 %. G. duodenalis (41.5 %) and Cryptosporidium spp. (20.0 %) were more frequent in ecological crops. The high level of contamination detected in organic vegetables may be due to the type of fertilizers and the quality of the water used for their irrigation and reinforces the need to take extreme hygiene measures in vegetables that are consumed raw.
通常未经烹饪处理就食用的蔬菜，其角色众所周知，是食源性疾病流行的原因之一。包囊和卵囊可能会污染食物，继而成为人类感染的源头。本研究旨在评估在瓦伦西亚（西班牙）市销售的绿叶蔬菜中贾第虫属和隐孢子虫属（卵）囊的流行情况，结合寄生虫学方法、两种实时 qPCR 和光学显微镜进行研究。对 129 个蔬菜样本进行了实验性田间研究，其中 64 个来自常规农场，65 个来自生态（有机）农场。将样本用清水冲洗，去除蔬菜后得到的溶液进行 24 小时沉淀。浓缩的沉淀物用于寻找原生动物。两种实时 PCR 均呈阳性，或一种 qPCR 呈阳性且经显微镜检查确认，即视为阳性标准。23.0%的样本中检测到了贾第虫属，7.8%的样本中检测到了隐孢子虫属。生态作物中更常发现贾第虫属（41.5%）和隐孢子虫属（20.0%）。有机蔬菜中检测到的高污染水平可能是由于其使用的肥料类型和灌溉用水的质量造成的，这加强了对食用生蔬菜采取极端卫生措施的必要性。
