Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
Riverview Health Physicians Neuropsychology, Riverview Health, Noblesville, IN, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2022 Jul-Aug;44(5-6):386-397. doi: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2107185. Epub 2022 Jul 29.
Mentor relationships are important in developing and supporting professional self-efficacy among psychology trainees. Additionally, the rapid diversification of the United States calls for the preparation of clinical neuropsychology trainees to work within a multicultural context. The present study aimed to assess neuropsychology trainees' perceptions of multicultural climate and supervision and if these perceptions differ based on trainee demographics. We also sought to identify aversive experiences of trainees, program strengths or weaknesses, and how programs support trainees.
Participants were 310 neuropsychology trainees (Mean age = 30.27, = 5.67) from clinical psychology graduate ( = 136), pre-doctoral internship ( = 38), and post-doctoral ( = 71) programs across the United States and Canada who completed a survey assessing perceptions to multicultural climate and supervision. 64.5% self-identified as women, 60.3% as heterosexual, and 46.1% as non-Hispanic White. 34.5% of trainees reported at least one American Disabilities Act (ADA) recognized disability.
Though satisfied with general supervision, trainees reported overall dissatisfaction with multicultural supervision. Satisfaction with multicultural supervision did not differ by demographics. Trainees also reported various aversive experiences with supervisors, clients, and research participants that negatively impacted their training. These experiences were at times due to an aspect of the trainee's multicultural identity, with Black and Hispanic trainees being more likely to report an aversive experience. Trainees reported ways in which they felt unsupported by their programs.
Important areas of growth for programs are discussed. Issues raised by neuropsychology trainees overlap to some degree with the experiences of trainees in other fields. Recommendations of approaches that have been successfully adopted in other fields to improve trainee satisfaction are provided. Early identification of needs that go above and beyond clinical training will allow programs to respond promptly, improve trainee satisfaction, and potentially improve the retention of trainees from diverse backgrounds.
导师关系对于培养和支持心理学受训者的专业自我效能感非常重要。此外，美国的快速多样化要求临床神经心理学受训者在多元文化背景下进行工作。本研究旨在评估神经心理学受训者对多元文化氛围和监督的看法，以及这些看法是否因受训者的人口统计学特征而有所不同。我们还试图确定受训者的不愉快经历、项目的优势或劣势，以及项目如何支持受训者。
参与者为来自美国和加拿大的 310 名临床心理学研究生（ = 136）、预实习（ = 38）和博士后（ = 71）项目的神经心理学受训者，他们完成了一项评估对多元文化氛围和监督的看法的调查。64.5%的人自我认同为女性，60.3%为异性恋，46.1%为非西班牙裔白人。34.5%的受训者报告至少有一种美国残疾人法案（ADA）认可的残疾。
尽管对一般监督感到满意，但受训者总体上对多元文化监督表示不满。多元文化监督的满意度不因人口统计学特征而有所不同。受训者还报告了与主管、客户和研究参与者的各种不愉快经历，这些经历对他们的培训产生了负面影响。这些经历有时是由于受训者多元文化身份的某个方面造成的，黑人和西班牙裔受训者更有可能报告不愉快的经历。受训者报告了他们感到项目不支持的方式。
讨论了计划的重要发展领域。神经心理学受训者提出的问题在某种程度上与其他领域受训者的经历重叠。提供了一些在其他领域成功采用的提高受训者满意度的方法的建议。及早确定超出临床培训需求的需求，将使项目能够迅速做出反应，提高受训者的满意度，并有可能提高来自不同背景的受训者的保留率。
