Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Shandong Yucheng Agro-Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Yucheng, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Nov 15;847:157681. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157681. Epub 2022 Jul 28.
Although straw mulching and nitrogen applications are extensively practiced in the agriculture sector, large uncertainties remain about their impacts on crop yields and especially the environment. The responses of summer maize yields, fertilizer use efficiency, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions including carbon dioxide (CO), methane (CH), and nitrous oxide (NO) in the North China Plain (NCP) to two straw management practices (S0: no straw and S1: straw mulching) and two nitrogen application rates (N1: 180 and N2: 210 kg N ha) were investigated in field tests in 2018, 2019, and 2020. The highest yields and partial factor productivity (PFP) were obtained by S1N1, followed by S1N2, S0N1, and S0N2. S1N2 had the highest CO emissions and greatest CH uptake, S0N1 had the lowest CO emissions, and S0N2 had the smallest CH uptake. The highest and lowest NO emissions were found in S0N1 and S1N1, respectively. The S1N2 treatment, an extensively applied practice, had the greatest global warming potential (GWP), which was 70.3 % larger than S1N1 and two times more than S0N1 and S0N2. The largest GHG emission intensity (GHGI) of 19.4 was found in the S1N2 treatment, while the other three treatments, S0N1, S0N2, and S1N1, had a GHGI of 10.1, 10.7, and 10.7, respectively according to three tested results. In conclusion, S1N1 treatment achieved a better trade-off between crop yields and GHG emissions of summer maize in NCP.
尽管秸秆覆盖和氮肥施用在农业领域得到了广泛应用，但它们对作物产量的影响，尤其是对环境的影响仍存在很大的不确定性。本研究于 2018、2019 和 2020 年在田间试验中调查了两种秸秆管理措施（S0：无秸秆和 S1：秸秆覆盖）和两种氮肥施用量（N1：180 和 N2：210 kg N ha）对华北平原夏玉米产量、肥料利用率和温室气体（GHG）排放（包括二氧化碳（CO）、甲烷（CH）和氧化亚氮（NO））的影响。结果表明，S1N1 处理的产量和偏生产力（PFP）最高，其次是 S1N2、S0N1 和 S0N2。S1N2 处理具有最高的 CO 排放和最大的 CH 吸收，S0N1 处理具有最低的 CO 排放，而 S0N2 处理具有最小的 CH 吸收。S0N1 和 S1N1 处理的 NO 排放最高和最低。S1N2 处理是一种广泛应用的措施，其全球变暖潜势（GWP）最大，比 S1N1 大 70.3%，比 S0N1 和 S0N2 大两倍。S1N2 处理的最大温室气体排放强度（GHGI）为 19.4，而其他三种处理，S0N1、S0N2 和 S1N1 的 GHGI 分别为 10.1、10.7 和 10.7。综上所述，S1N1 处理在华北平原实现了夏玉米产量和 GHG 排放的较好权衡。
