Atreya Kishor, Rimal Narayan Sharma, Makai Prabina, Baidya Manish, Karki Jiban, Pohl Gerda, Bhattarai Sunita
School of Forestry and Natural Resource Management, Institute of Forestry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Watershed Management and Environmental Science, Institute of Forestry, Pokhara Campus, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal.
Environ Dev Sustain. 2022 Jul 27:1-29. doi: 10.1007/s10668-022-02582-2.
This paper focuses on the lack of income opportunities for Dalits in Nepal, as they are the most affected group in any disaster. The presence of vulnerable family members in Dalit households may further increase their income deprivation. We therefore studied Dalit households' income sources and identified income determinants in Gandaki Rural Municipality in Gorkha District-the epicentre of the 2015 earthquake. We observed a higher dependency of Dalit households on daily wages, livestock sales, social security allowances, and vegetables sales; however, remittance and seasonal job earnings represented the largest share of household incomes. We observed a significant difference in per capita income between farm (US$46) and non-farm (US$273) income sources, with the difference smallest in the lowest income quantile and the largest in the highest quantile. When the household head was a single woman, we observed a reduction in non-farm (by 29%) and total incomes (by 23%). Likewise, when the household head had a chronic health problem, or the household included an elderly family member, there was a reduction in the household's income. We suggest economic interventions for Dalit households to prevent increased social exclusion in the development process, specifically focusing on vulnerable individuals and households in the lowest income quantile.
本文关注尼泊尔达利特人的收入机会匮乏问题，因为他们是任何灾难中受影响最严重的群体。达利特家庭中存在弱势家庭成员可能会进一步加剧他们的收入剥夺状况。因此，我们研究了戈尔哈县甘达基农村市（2015年地震的震中）达利特家庭的收入来源，并确定了收入的决定因素。我们观察到达利特家庭对日工资、牲畜销售、社会保障津贴和蔬菜销售的依赖性较高；然而，汇款和季节性工作收入在家庭收入中占比最大。我们观察到农业（46美元）和非农业（273美元）收入来源的人均收入存在显著差异，在最低收入分位数中差异最小，在最高收入分位数中差异最大。当户主为单身女性时，我们观察到非农业收入（减少29%）和总收入（减少23%）有所下降。同样，当户主患有慢性健康问题或家庭中有老年家庭成员时，家庭收入也会减少。我们建议对达利特家庭采取经济干预措施，以防止在发展过程中社会排斥加剧，特别关注最低收入分位数中的弱势群体和家庭。
