Oliveira-Mendonça Lucilla Silva, Mendes Érica Araújo, Castro Julyanna Oliveira, Silva Mylene Melo, Santos Andréa Gonçalves, Kaneto Carla Martins, Dias Sandro Oliveira, Allaman Ivan Bezerra, Vannier-Santos Marcos André, Silva Juneo Freitas, Augusto Danillo Gardenal, Anjos Danielle Oliveira Dos, Santos Nailma Aprigio Silva, Lima Kamila Pontes, Horta Maria Fátima, Albuquerque George Rego, Costa Márcio Gilberto Cardoso, Silva-Jardim Izaltina, Santos Jane Lima Dos
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Bahia, Brazil.
Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Curr Res Microb Sci. 2022 Jun 18;3:100145. doi: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100145. eCollection 2022.
spp. are usually considered safe and normally used as biocontrol and biofertilization. Safety for human health is evaluated by several tests that detect various effects such as allergenicity, toxicity, infectivity, and pathogenicity. However, they do not evaluate the effects of the agent upon the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between spores and mammalian cells to assess the immunomodulatory potential of the spores of this fungus. First, mouse macrophage cell line J774 and human macrophages were exposed to fungal spores and analyzed for structural features, through scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Then, various analysis were performed in human macrophages as to their effect in some functional and molecular aspects of the immune system through immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and gene expression assays. We demonstrated that spores induces autophagy and autophagy-related genes (ATGs) and downmodulate inflammatory mediators, including ROS, NLRP3, the cytokines IL-1β, IL-18, IL-12 and IL-10, as well as TLR2, TLR4, miR-146b and miR-155, which may lead to an augmented susceptibility to pathogens. Our study shows the extension of damages the biofungicide Tricovab® can cause in the innate immune response. Further studies are necessary to elucidate other innate and adaptive immune responses and, consequently, the safety of this fungus when in contact with humans.
通常认为某些物种是安全的，并且通常用作生物防治和生物肥料。通过多种检测来评估对人类健康的安全性，这些检测可检测各种效应，如致敏性、毒性、感染性和致病性。然而，它们并未评估该制剂对免疫系统的影响。本研究的目的是调查[具体真菌名称]孢子与哺乳动物细胞之间的相互作用，以评估这种真菌孢子的免疫调节潜力。首先，将小鼠巨噬细胞系J774和人类巨噬细胞暴露于真菌孢子，并通过扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜分析其结构特征。然后，通过免疫细胞化学、流式细胞术和基因表达分析，对人类巨噬细胞在免疫系统的一些功能和分子方面的作用进行了各种分析。我们证明，[具体真菌名称]孢子诱导自噬和自噬相关基因（ATG），并下调炎症介质，包括活性氧（ROS）、NLRP3、细胞因子白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）、白细胞介素-12（IL-12）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10），以及Toll样受体2（TLR2）、Toll样受体4（TLR4）、微小RNA-146b（miR-146b）和微小RNA-155（miR-155），这可能导致对病原体的易感性增加。我们的研究表明生物杀菌剂Tricovab®在先天性免疫反应中可能造成的损害程度。有必要进行进一步研究以阐明其他先天性和适应性免疫反应，从而确定这种真菌与人类接触时的安全性。
