Dos Santos Andréa G, Mendes Érica A, de Oliveira Rafael P, Faria Ana M C, de Sousa Aurizangela O, Pirovani Carlos P, de Araújo Fernanda F, de Carvalho Andréa T, Costa Marliete Carvalho, Assis Santos Daniel, Montoya Quimi V, Rodrigues Andre, Dos Santos Jane L
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéus, Brazil.
Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Sep 7;8:1681. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01681. eCollection 2017.
The intensive use of pesticides to control pests in agriculture has promoted several issues relating to environment. As chemical pesticides remain controversial, biocontrol agents originating from fungi could be an alternative. Among them, we highlight biocontrol agents derived from the fungi genus , which have been documented in limiting the growth of other phytopathogenic fungus in the roots and leaves of several plant species. An important member of this genus is , whose biocontrol agents have been used to promote plant growth while also treating soil diseases caused by microorganisms in both greenhouses and outdoor crops. To evaluate the safety of fungal biological agents for human health, tests to detect potentially adverse effects, such as allergenicity, toxicity, infectivity and pathogenicity, are crucial. In addition, identifying possible immunomodulating properties of fungal biocontrol agents merits further investigation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of spores in the internalization of yeast by mice phagocytes, in order to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanism of this interaction, as a model to understand possible effects of this fungus. For this, mice were exposed to a fungal spore suspension through-intraperitoneal injection, euthanized and cells from the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity were collected for functional, quantitative and phenotypic analysis, throughout analysis of membrane receptors gene expression, phagocytosis ability and cells immunophenotyping M1 (CCR7 and CD86) and M2 (CCR2 and CD206). Our analyses showed that phagocytes exposed to fungal spores had reduced phagocytic capacity, as well as a decrease in the quantity of neutrophils and monocytes in the peripheral blood and peritoneal cavity. Moreover, macrophages exposed to spores did not display the phenotypic profile M1/M2, and had reduced expression of pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR2, dectin-1 and dectin-2, all involved in the first line of defense against clinically important yeasts. Our data could infer that spores may confer susceptibility to infection by .
农业中大量使用农药控制害虫引发了若干与环境相关的问题。由于化学农药仍存在争议，源自真菌的生物防治剂可能是一种替代方案。其中，我们重点介绍源自 属真菌的生物防治剂，这些生物防治剂已被证明可限制多种植物物种根和叶中其他植物病原真菌的生长。该属的一个重要成员是 ，其生物防治剂已被用于促进植物生长，同时还可治疗温室和户外作物中由微生物引起的土壤病害。为评估真菌生物制剂对人类健康的安全性，检测潜在不良反应（如致敏性、毒性、传染性和致病性）的试验至关重要。此外，确定真菌生物防治剂可能的免疫调节特性值得进一步研究。因此，本研究的目的是评估 孢子对小鼠吞噬细胞内化 酵母的影响，以阐明这种相互作用的细胞和分子机制，作为了解这种真菌可能影响的模型。为此，通过腹腔注射使小鼠暴露于真菌孢子悬液，对小鼠实施安乐死后，收集外周血和腹腔中的细胞进行功能、定量和表型分析，包括膜受体基因表达分析、吞噬能力分析以及细胞免疫表型分析M1（CCR7和CD86）和M2（CCR2和CD206）。我们的分析表明，暴露于真菌孢子的吞噬细胞吞噬能力降低，外周血和腹腔中的中性粒细胞和单核细胞数量减少。此外，暴露于 孢子的巨噬细胞未表现出M1/M2表型特征，且模式识别受体（如TLR2、dectin-1和dectin-2）的表达降低，这些受体均参与针对临床上重要酵母的第一道防线。我们的数据可以推断， 孢子可能会使人易受 感染。
