Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
Biomater Adv. 2022 Jul;138:212856. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212856. Epub 2022 May 21.
Magnesium phosphates (MgP)s have attracted interest as an alternative biomaterial compared to the calcium phosphate (CaP)s compounds in the bone regeneration application in terms of their prominent biodegradability, lack of cytotoxicity, and ability of bone repair stimulation. Among them, amorphous magnesium phosphates (AMP)s indicated a higher rate of resorption, while preserving high osteoblasts viability and proliferation, which is comparable to their CaP peers. However, fast degradation of AMP leads to the initial fast release of Mg ions and adverse effects on its excellent biological features. It seems that the addition of graphene oxide (GO) to magnesium phosphate can moderate its degradation rate. Hence, a novel in situ synthesized AMP powders containing 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt% of graphene oxide (AMP/GO) were developed to achieve a favorable degradation rate, desirable antibacterial properties against both Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) accompanying with proper cell viability and proliferation. The incorporation of 0.5 wt% of graphene oxide into the AMP ceramic led to reduce the release of Mg ions from 571.2 ± 12.9 mg/L to 372.8 ± 14.7 mg/L and P ions from 354.8 ± 11.9 mg/L to 245.3 ± 9.9 mg/L, at day 10 of immersion in PBS. Besides, AMP/0.5 GO bioceramics were capable of eradicating all bacterial colonies of both strains. On the other hand, MG63 cells viability went up from 143.46% ± 7.54 to 184.46% ± 11.54 on the 7th day of culture in the presence of 0.5 wt% of GO compared to pure AMP ceramic. Furthermore, alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity demonstrated the ability of AMP/GO to maintain the osteogenic phenotype of MG63 cells during 7 days culture. Therefore, it can be concluded that well distributed and in situ synthesized AMP/0.5GO powders can be a promising biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration.
相比之下，在骨再生应用中，磷酸镁（MgP）作为一种替代钙磷（CaP）化合物的材料引起了人们的兴趣，因为其具有突出的生物降解性、缺乏细胞毒性以及刺激骨修复的能力。其中，无定形磷酸镁（AMP）表现出更高的吸收率，同时保持了较高的成骨细胞活力和增殖能力，与 CaP 相当。然而，AMP 的快速降解会导致镁离子的初始快速释放，并对其优异的生物学特性产生不利影响。似乎向磷酸镁中添加氧化石墨烯（GO）可以调节其降解速率。因此，开发了一种新型原位合成的含有 0.05、0.25、0.5 和 1wt%氧化石墨烯的 AMP 粉末（AMP/GO），以实现理想的降解速率、对大肠杆菌（E. coli）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）的理想抗菌性能，同时保持适当的细胞活力和增殖。将 0.5wt%氧化石墨烯掺入 AMP 陶瓷中，可将镁离子的释放量从第 10 天的 571.2±12.9mg/L 降低至 372.8±14.7mg/L，磷离子从 354.8±11.9mg/L 降低至 245.3±9.9mg/L，在 PBS 中浸泡 10 天。此外，AMP/0.5GO 生物陶瓷能够消灭两种菌株的所有细菌菌落。另一方面，与纯 AMP 陶瓷相比，GO 存在时 MG63 细胞的活力从第 7 天的 143.46%±7.54%上升至 184.46%±11.54%。此外，茜素红染色和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性表明，AMP/GO 能够在 7 天的培养过程中维持 MG63 细胞的成骨表型。因此，可以得出结论，分布均匀和原位合成的 AMP/0.5GO 粉末可以成为一种有前途的骨组织再生生物材料。
