College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2022 Jul;14(7):909-928. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2022.07.002. Epub 2022 Jul 19.
The literature is dearth in identification and categorization of business management skills required by community pharmacists. While community pharmacy stakeholders (predominantly community pharmacy owners, managers, and pharmacists) and pharmacy students are valuable sources for identifying business management skills, no review is currently available that synthesizes their knowledge. By identifying currently known business skills and organizing these into a managerial skills framework, this review provides a foundation skillset for community pharmacist business management.
Six electronic databases were searched for published articles, with titles and abstracts screened according to inclusion criteria. Full articles meeting the specified criteria were assessed and skills identified were mapped to the human, conceptual, and technical skills of a business management framework.
Pharmacy stakeholders and students identified 36 business management skills/aptitudes required for community pharmacists. Pharmacy stakeholders most frequently identified the skills of communication, professionalism, general business management, leadership, and teamwork. Although the pharmacy students concurred with many of these skills, they more frequently identified confidence, entrepreneurship, and having prior experience or opportunity in a management role. A substantial number of identified skills/aptitudes were categorized under the human domain of the business management framework.
Community pharmacists require training in effective business management, with particular emphasis on human domain skills. The tertiary education system should consider implementing the skills/aptitudes revealed in this review into the pharmacy curriculum. Recruiting business minded personalities into the profession, particularly targeting students with an attraction to business management, is one strategy to improve management skills within the field.
文献中缺乏识别和分类社区药剂师所需的商业管理技能。虽然社区药房的利益相关者（主要是社区药房的所有者、经理和药剂师）和药学学生是识别商业管理技能的有价值的来源，但目前没有综述来综合他们的知识。通过识别当前已知的商业技能，并将这些技能组织到一个管理技能框架中，本综述为社区药剂师的商业管理提供了基础技能集。
在六个电子数据库中搜索已发表的文章，根据纳入标准筛选标题和摘要。符合指定标准的全文进行评估，并将确定的技能映射到业务管理框架的人员、概念和技术技能。
药房利益相关者和学生确定了社区药剂师所需的 36 项商业管理技能/能力。药房利益相关者最常识别的技能包括沟通、专业精神、一般商业管理、领导力和团队合作。尽管药学学生同意其中的许多技能，但他们更常识别出信心、创业精神以及在管理角色方面具有先前的经验或机会。大量的识别技能/能力被归类到业务管理框架的人员领域。
社区药剂师需要接受有效的商业管理培训，特别强调人员领域的技能。高等教育系统应考虑将本综述中揭示的技能/能力纳入药学课程。招募有商业头脑的人进入这个行业，特别是针对对商业管理有吸引力的学生，是提高该领域管理技能的一种策略。
