Wagner J A
Adolescence. 1987 Spring;22(85):23-35.
This study investigated the relationship between the development of formal operations and the formation of ego identity in adolescence. Two Piagetian formal tasks, the combinatorial and equilibrium in the balance, and two measures of ego identity, a semistructured interview and an incomplete sentences test, were administered to 20 males and 20 females each at age levels 10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years. Significant positive correlations were obtained between combinatorial ability and degree of identity, suggesting that high identity may facilitate the application of combinatorial operations. Males exhibited superior performance on the balance task; thus they may utilize more effective cognitive strategies, or be more inherently motivated to solve mechanical problems than females. On the identity interview, females showed a greater degree of commitment to future goals than males in middle adolescence; this may reflect the earlier maturation of females.
本研究调查了青少年期形式运算的发展与自我同一性形成之间的关系。对年龄在10 - 12岁、13 - 15岁和16 - 18岁的20名男性和20名女性分别进行了两项皮亚杰形式任务（组合任务和天平平衡任务）以及两项自我同一性测量（半结构化访谈和句子完成测验）。组合能力与同一性程度之间存在显著正相关，这表明高度的同一性可能有助于形式运算的应用。男性在天平任务上表现更优；因此，他们可能比女性运用更有效的认知策略，或者在解决机械问题方面更具内在动力。在同一性访谈中，处于青春期中期的女性比男性对未来目标表现出更高程度的投入；这可能反映了女性更早成熟。
