人类在认知限制下适应性地解决探索-利用困境：来自多臂赌博机任务的证据。
Humans adaptively resolve the explore-exploit dilemma under cognitive constraints: Evidence from a multi-armed bandit task.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
出版信息
Cognition. 2022 Dec;229:105233. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105233. Epub 2022 Jul 30.
When navigating uncertain worlds, humans must balance exploring new options versus exploiting known rewards. Longer horizons and spatially structured option values encourage humans to explore, but the impact of real-world cognitive constraints such as environment size and memory demands on explore-exploit decisions is unclear. In the present study, humans chose between options varying in uncertainty during a multi-armed bandit task with varying environment size and memory demands. Regression and cognitive computational models of choice behavior showed that with a lower cognitive load, humans are more exploratory than a simulated value-maximizing learner, but under cognitive constraints, they adaptively scale down exploration to maintain exploitation. Thus, while humans are curious, cognitive constraints force people to decrease their strategic exploration in a resource-rational-like manner to focus on harvesting known rewards.
当人类在不确定的世界中导航时，他们必须在探索新选项和利用已知奖励之间取得平衡。更长的视野和空间结构的选项值鼓励人类进行探索，但现实世界认知限制（如环境大小和记忆需求）对探索-利用决策的影响尚不清楚。在本研究中，人类在一个具有不同环境大小和记忆需求的多臂老虎机任务中，在不确定性不同的选项之间进行选择。选择行为的回归和认知计算模型表明，在认知负荷较低的情况下，人类比模拟的最大化价值学习者更具探索性，但在认知限制下，他们会适应性地减少探索以保持利用。因此，虽然人类具有好奇心，但认知限制迫使人们以类似于资源理性的方式减少策略性探索，以专注于收获已知奖励。
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