Efficacy and safety of a treatment in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANC) involving carotid artery invasion.

PURPOSE

Locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANC) often invades the parapharyngeal space and internal carotid artery. Are patients with LANC invading carotid artery are at risk of massive neck hemorrhage after radiotherapy?

METHODS

This retrospective study included 130 LANC patients with carotid artery invasion admitted to our hospital between January 2012 and September 2019. All patients were treated with induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) ± epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors were conducted for the prognosis and the occurrence of massive neck hemorrhage of LANC patients with carotid artery invasion.

OUTCOMES

The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), local nodal recurrence-free survival (LNRFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), nodal recurrence-free survival (NRFS) and overall survival (OS) of the 130 patients were 75.2%, 76.8%, 90.0%, 93.9%, 95.8% and 87.2%, respectively. The incidence of fatal bleeding after radiotherapy was 2.3% (3/130). The primary site of the three cases were all the pharyngeal recess, with more than 270° carotid artery invasion, suffering nasopharyngeal necrosis after radiotherapy (2 of which were diabetics and 1 received re-radiation after recurrence). Univariate analysis showed that clinical stage was negatively correlated with DMFS and PFS (P < 0.05). The induction chemotherapy TP regimen, platinum-based concurrent chemotherapy and EGFR inhibitors (Nituzumab/Cetuximab) significantly improved PFS and DMFS (P < 0.05). Patients with hemoglobin levels > 110 g/L had significantly inferior PFS, DMFS and OS than those with hemoglobin levels ≤ 110 g/L (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the EGFR inhibitor was an independent risk factor for PFS and DMFS, while the lowest hemoglobin level was an independent risk factor for OS.

CONCLUSIONS

In LANC patients whose carotid artery invasion was < 270°, induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by helical tomotherapy (HT) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibitor had mild and tolerable side effects, better PFS and DMFS, with no massive hemorrhage. In patients whose primary tumor was pharyngeal recess with carotid artery invasion ≥ 270°, poorly controlled diabetes or re-radiotherapy led to a higher risk of massive hemorrhage after radiotherapy.