LPA Contributes to Vascular Endothelium Homeostasis and Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.

RATIONALE

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most dangerous adverse cardiovascular events. Our previous study found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is increased in human peripheral blood after MI, and LPA has a protective effect on the survival and proliferation of various cell types. However, the role of LPA and its receptors in MI is less understood.

OBJECTIVES

To study the unknown role of LPA and its receptors in heart during MI.

METHODS AND RESULTS

In this study, we found that mice also had elevated LPA level in peripheral blood, as well as increased cardiac expression of its receptor LPA in the early stages after MI. With adult and neonate MI models in global knockout (-KO) mice, we found deficiency increased vascular leak leading to disruption of its homeostasis, so as to impaired heart function and increased early mortality. Histological examination revealed larger scar size, increased fibrosis, and reduced vascular density in the heart of -KO mice. Furthermore, -KO also attenuated blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation with decreased vascular density in gastrocnemius. Our study revealed that was mainly expressed and altered in cardiac endothelial cells during MI, and use of endothelial-specific knockout mice phenocopied the global knockout mice. Additionally, adenovirus- and pharmacologically activated LPA significantly improved heart function, reduced scar size, increased vascular formation, and alleviated early mortality by maintaining vascular homeostasis owing to protecting vessels from leakage. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that LPA-LPA signaling could promote endothelial cell proliferation through PI3K-Akt/PLC-Raf1-Erk pathway and enhanced endothelial cell tube formation via PKD1-CD36 signaling.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that endothelial LPA-LPA signaling promotes angiogenesis and maintains vascular homeostasis, which is vital for restoring blood flow and repairing tissue function in ischemic injuries. Targeting LPA-LPA signal might have clinical therapeutic potential to protect the heart from ischemic injury.