Food Research Division, Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Biostatistics and Modelling Division, Bureau of Food Surveillance and Science Integration, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2022 Oct;39(10):1663-1673. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2104934. Epub 2022 Aug 3.
2- and 3-monochloropropanediol esters (MCPDEs) are most commonly formed as process-induced contaminants during the refinement of vegetable oils used for food production. 'In vivo' hydrolysis of 3-MCPDEs releases the potential carcinogen 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD). Levels of MCPDEs in infant formula are of particular concern, as refined oils are commonly used as main fat ingredients. For this study, infant formula samples (powders, liquid concentrates and ready-to-feed infant formula samples) from the Canadian market were purchased and analysed in 2015 (35 samples) and 2019 (33 samples). MCPDE concentrations (expressed as free MCPD equivalents) were examined through an indirect analytical approach, applying acid-catalysed ester cleavage and using cyclohexanone as derivatising agent. Labelled diesters were used as internal standards. 2015 Survey data were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in selected ion monitoring mode (SIM). 2019 Survey data were analysed with an updated method using GC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring modes (MRM). In 2015, levels in reconstituted formula ranging from 3.7 ng/g to 111 ng/g for 3-MCPD and 2.2 ng/g to 56.2 ng/g for 2-MCPD were found. In 2019, levels ranging from 3.9 ng/g to 74.8 ng/g for 3-MCPD and 1.0 ng/g to 33.9 ng/g for 2-MCPD were found. A significantly reduced mean of combined MCPDEs was observed between 2015 and 2019 data (64.5 ng/g, standard deviation (SD) 8.6 ng/g in 2015 to 31.8 ng/g, SD 5.6 ng/g in 2019, -value = 0.024). For the majority of manufacturers, the data comparison among brand products over time shows decreased levels of MCPDEs. Occurrence data of MCPDEs, including data from previously published surveys (2012/2013), were also compared and a temporal trend was established.
2- 和 3-单氯丙二醇酯（MCPDEs）是在用于食品生产的植物油精炼过程中作为加工诱导污染物而最常形成的。3-MCPDE 的“体内”水解会释放出潜在的致癌物质 3-单氯丙二醇（3-MCPD）。婴儿配方奶粉中的 MCPDE 水平尤其令人关注，因为精制油通常用作主要脂肪成分。为此，本研究于 2015 年（35 个样本）和 2019 年（33 个样本）购买并分析了来自加拿大市场的婴儿配方奶粉（粉末、液体浓缩物和即食婴儿配方奶粉样本）。通过间接分析方法，应用酸催化酯裂解并使用环己酮作为衍生化剂，检测 MCPDE 浓度（以游离 MCPD 当量表示）。使用标记的二酯作为内标。2015 年的调查数据通过气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）在选择离子监测模式（SIM）下进行分析。2019 年的调查数据使用更新的方法，通过 GC-MS/MS 在多重反应监测模式（MRM）下进行分析。2015 年，在重新配制的配方中发现 3-MCPD 的浓度范围为 3.7ng/g 至 111ng/g，2-MCPD 的浓度范围为 2.2ng/g 至 56.2ng/g。2019 年，在重新配制的配方中发现 3-MCPD 的浓度范围为 3.9ng/g 至 74.8ng/g，2-MCPD 的浓度范围为 1.0ng/g 至 33.9ng/g。2015 年至 2019 年的数据显示，组合 MCPDE 的平均值显著降低（2015 年为 64.5ng/g，标准差（SD）为 8.6ng/g，2019 年为 31.8ng/g，SD 为 5.6ng/g，-值=0.024）。对于大多数制造商来说，随着时间的推移，对品牌产品的数据比较表明 MCPDE 水平降低。还比较了 MCPDE 的发生数据，包括以前发表的调查数据（2012/2013 年），并建立了时间趋势。
