Yang Yuchen, Shen Zhongtao, Zhu Xing, Wang Ziqi, Zhang Gengyan, Zhou Jingwei, Jiang Xun, Deng Chunqing, Liu Shubin
State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
Alibaba Quantum Laboratory, Alibaba Group, Hangzhou 310023, China.
Rev Sci Instrum. 2022 Jul 1;93(7):074701. doi: 10.1063/5.0085467.
Electronic systems for qubit control and measurement serve as a bridge between quantum programming language and quantum information processors. With the rapid development of superconducting quantum circuit technology, synchronization in a large-scale system, low-latency execution, and low noise are required for electronic systems. Here, we present a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based electronic system with a distributed synchronous clock and trigger architecture. The system supports synchronous control of qubits with jitters of ∼5 ps. We implement a real-time digital signal processing system in the FPGA, enabling precise timing control, arbitrary waveform generation, in-phase and quadrature demodulation for qubit state discrimination, and the generation of real-time qubit-state-dependent trigger signals for feedback/feedforward control. The hardware and firmware low-latency design reduces the feedback/feedforward latency of the electronic system to 125 ns, significantly less than the decoherence times of the qubit. Finally, we demonstrate the functionalities and low-noise performance of this system using a fluxonium quantum processor.
用于量子比特控制和测量的电子系统充当量子编程语言与量子信息处理器之间的桥梁。随着超导量子电路技术的快速发展，电子系统需要在大规模系统中实现同步、低延迟执行以及低噪声。在此，我们展示了一种基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的电子系统，该系统具有分布式同步时钟和触发架构。该系统支持对量子比特进行抖动约为5皮秒的同步控制。我们在FPGA中实现了一个实时数字信号处理系统，能够实现精确的定时控制、任意波形生成、用于量子比特状态判别 的同相和正交解调，以及生成用于反馈/前馈控制的实时量子比特状态相关触发信号。硬件和固件的低延迟设计将电子系统的反馈/前馈延迟降低至125纳秒，显著小于量子比特的退相干时间。最后，我们使用磁通量子处理器展示了该系统的功能和低噪声性能。
