Du Ke, Tian Shuangqi, Chen Hu, Gao Sensen, Dong Xianyou, Yan Feng
College of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
Kemen Noodle Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Changsha, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Jul 18;9:943950. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.943950. eCollection 2022.
Wheat germ, a byproduct of wheat industrial processing, contains 30% protein and is a comprehensive source of plant-based protein. But a large amount of wheat germs are disposed of as waste every year. Wheat germ protein can be hydrolyzed into polypeptides with antioxidant, antihypertensive, anti-tumor, bacteriostatic and other activities. At present, researches on the hydrolysis of wheat germ protein and the preparation of bioactive peptides from wheat germ protein have attracted increasing attentions. However, the traditional protein hydrolysis method, protease hydrolysis, can no longer meet the market's needs for efficient production. Various auxiliary means, such as ultrasound, microwave and membrane separation, were applied to boost the yield and biological activity of wheat germ peptides by enzymatic hydrolysis. Under ultrasound and microwave, the protein structure may expand to increase the binding sites between enzyme and substrate and promote hydrolysis efficiency. Membrane separation is applied to separate products from enzymatic hydrolysate to reduce the inhibitory effect of the product on the hydrolysis reaction. The paper reviewed the hydrolysis methods of wheat germ protein and summarized the biological activity of wheat germ peptides to provide references for further study of wheat germ peptides.
小麦胚芽是小麦工业加工的副产品，含有30%的蛋白质，是植物性蛋白质的综合来源。但每年都有大量的小麦胚芽作为废弃物被处理掉。小麦胚芽蛋白可以水解成具有抗氧化、降压、抗肿瘤、抑菌等活性的多肽。目前，关于小麦胚芽蛋白水解及从小麦胚芽蛋白制备生物活性肽的研究越来越受到关注。然而，传统的蛋白质水解方法——蛋白酶水解，已无法满足市场对高效生产的需求。各种辅助手段，如超声、微波和膜分离，被应用于通过酶解提高小麦胚芽肽的产量和生物活性。在超声和微波作用下，蛋白质结构可能会扩张，增加酶与底物之间的结合位点，提高水解效率。膜分离用于从酶解液中分离产物，以降低产物对水解反应的抑制作用。本文综述了小麦胚芽蛋白的水解方法，并总结了小麦胚芽肽的生物活性，为进一步研究小麦胚芽肽提供参考。
