Mendlewicz J
Acta Psychiatr Belg. 1978 Sep-Oct;78(5):724-35.
Genetic factors have been evidenced in the etiology of manic-depressive syndromes through twins, morbidity risk studies, linkage studies with genetic markers such as color blindness and the Xga blood group, as well as through adoption studies. Most genetic studies indicate that there is a genetic and biological heterogeneity in manic-depressive illness. Among these manic-depressive syndromes, one group is consistent with a dominant X-linked transmission of the disease. From the neurochemical point of view, most investigators emphasize the importance of cerebral neurotransmitter substances such as catecholamines and indolamines in the pathogenesis of bipolar depressive states. According with this hypothesis, depression is associated with a functional deficit in brain monoamines while mania may be due to an hyperproduction of monoamines. These neuropharmacological studies are of importance because they also have neuroendocrine implications. Some pituitary hormones are secreted under the control of brain monoamines, and they are also implicated in the pathogenesis of depressive states.
通过对双胞胎的研究、发病率风险研究、与色盲和Xga血型等遗传标记的连锁研究以及收养研究，遗传因素在躁狂抑郁症综合征的病因学中得到了证实。大多数遗传研究表明，躁狂抑郁症存在遗传和生物学异质性。在这些躁狂抑郁症综合征中，一组与该疾病的X连锁显性遗传一致。从神经化学的角度来看，大多数研究人员强调儿茶酚胺和吲哚胺等脑神经递质物质在双相抑郁状态发病机制中的重要性。根据这一假设，抑郁症与脑单胺功能缺陷有关，而躁狂可能是由于单胺过度产生所致。这些神经药理学研究很重要，因为它们也有神经内分泌方面的影响。一些垂体激素是在脑单胺的控制下分泌的，它们也与抑郁状态的发病机制有关。
