Baral Sumit Kumar, Biswas Partha, Kaium Md Abu, Islam Md Aminul, Dey Dipta, Saber Md Al, Rahaman Tanjim Ishraq, M A, Emran Talha Bin, Hasan Md Nazmul, Jeong Mi-Kyung, Han Ihn, Rahman Md Ataur, Kim Bonglee
Department of Microbiology, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh.
Front Oncol. 2022 Jul 18;12:883805. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.883805. eCollection 2022.
Vaginal cancer is a rare and uncommon disease that is rarely discussed. Although vaginal cancer traditionally occurs in older postmenopausal women, the incidence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers is increasing in younger women. Cervical cancer cells contain high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 proteins and inhibiting HPV gene expression leads the cells to stop proliferating and enter senescence. As E6, and E7 protein promoted the carcinogenesis mechanism, and here not only regulate the cellular degradation of P53, and pRb but also enhances the cell proliferation along with E6 protein targets the p53 for breakdown and subsequently promote the apoptotic cell death, and DNA repair inhibition, that is indispensable to the continue the lifecycle of the HPV. As a synchronous or metachronous tumor, vaginal cancer is frequently found in combination with cervical cancer. It is uncertain what causes invasive female vaginal organ cancer. HPV type 16 is the most often isolated HPV type in female vaginal organ cancers. Due to cancer's rarity, case studies have provided the majority of etiologic findings. Many findings demonstrate that ring pessaries, chronic vaginitis, sexual behavior, birth trauma, obesity, vaginal chemical exposure, and viruses are all risk factors. Because of insufficient understanding and disease findings, we are trying to find the disease's mechanism with the available data. We also address different risk factors, therapy at various stages, diagnosis, and management of vaginal cancer in this review.
阴道癌是一种罕见且不常见的疾病，很少被讨论。虽然阴道癌传统上发生在绝经后的老年女性中，但高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）引发的癌症在年轻女性中的发病率正在上升。宫颈癌细胞含有高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的E6和E7蛋白，抑制HPV基因表达会导致细胞停止增殖并进入衰老状态。由于E6和E7蛋白促进了致癌机制，它们不仅调节P53和pRb的细胞降解，还与E6蛋白一起增强细胞增殖，E6蛋白靶向p53进行降解，随后促进凋亡性细胞死亡以及抑制DNA修复，而这对于HPV的生命周期延续至关重要。作为同步或异时性肿瘤，阴道癌常与宫颈癌同时出现。侵袭性女性阴道器官癌的病因尚不确定。16型HPV是女性阴道器官癌中最常分离出的HPV类型。由于癌症罕见，病例研究提供了大部分病因学发现。许多发现表明，环形子宫托、慢性阴道炎、性行为、分娩创伤、肥胖、阴道化学物质暴露和病毒都是危险因素。由于认识不足和疾病发现有限，我们正试图利用现有数据找出该疾病的机制。在本综述中，我们还探讨了阴道癌的不同危险因素、各阶段的治疗、诊断和管理。
