Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Department of Child Heath, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2022 Jul 31;39(7):714-720.
Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most important congenital anomaly. The burden and types are important for health planning and preparation for surgery. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, anatomic types and defect sizes of the CHDs seen in a tertiary hospital.
A retrospective review of echocardiographic records of children seen in a tertiary centre over a twelve-year period was conducted. Using information from the echocardiograms, the anatomic types and defect sizes of the CHDs were determined using known classifications. Statistical analysis was done using IBM-SPSS version 21.
The prevalence of CHD was 10.3/1000 children with a M:F ratio of 1:1. Sixty two percent of the subjects were infants. There were more acyanotic than cyanotic CHDs (80.6% vs 19.4%). The most common types of ventricular septal defect (VSD) and atrial septal defect (ASD) were the membranous and ostium secundum types respectively. The medium sized VSD (49.0%) were in the majority while the small size patent ductus arteriosus and atrial septal defects predominated, 69.5% and 61.3% respectively.
The prevalence of CHD in this study was high. The large number of small sized defects of ASD and VSD allows for spontaneous closure or uncomplicated surgical repair of the defects, an advantage in a setting with poor access to heart surgery.
先天性心脏病（CHD）是最重要的先天性异常。负担和类型对于卫生规划和手术准备很重要。本研究旨在确定三级医院所见 CHD 的患病率、解剖类型和缺陷大小。
对在三级中心就诊的儿童进行为期 12 年的超声心动图记录的回顾性审查。使用超声心动图中的信息，使用已知分类确定 CHD 的解剖类型和缺陷大小。使用 IBM-SPSS 版本 21 进行统计分析。
CHD 的患病率为每 1000 名儿童中有 10.3 例，男女比例为 1:1。62%的患者为婴儿。非发绀性 CHD 多于发绀性 CHD（80.6%比 19.4%）。室间隔缺损（VSD）和房间隔缺损（ASD）最常见的类型分别为膜部和继发孔型。中等大小的 VSD（49.0%）居多，而小尺寸的动脉导管未闭和房间隔缺损则占主导地位，分别为 69.5%和 61.3%。
本研究中 CHD 的患病率较高。大量小尺寸 ASD 和 VSD 缺损可自行闭合或通过简单的手术修复，这在心脏手术机会有限的环境中是一个优势。
