J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2022 Sep 1;38(3):148-158. doi: 10.2987/22-7074.
Over 20 years since its introduction, the West Nile virus (WNV) continues to be the leading cause of arboviral disease in the USA. In Panama City Beach (Bay County, FL), WNV transmission is monitored using sentinel chickens and testing mosquito pools for presence of viral RNA. In the current work, we monitored WNV transmission from 2014 to 2020 through weekly serology sampling of sentinel chickens; mosquito populations through biweekly mosquito collections by suction traps (1 m and 9 m) and weekly gravid trap collections; and mosquito infection rates using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Samples were sent to the Bureau of Public Health Laboratories (Tampa, FL) for testing presence/absence of WNV via RT-PCR assay. Our results indicated that canopy surveillance could augment ground collections, providing greater proportions of Culex mosquitoes with less bycatch compared with ground collections. Serology indicated 94 seroconversions to WNV in the study area from 2014 to 2020. The most active year was 2016, which accounted for 32% (n = 30) of all seroconversions reported during the study period. We detected 20 WNV-positive mosquito pools from Culex quinquefasciatus during 2014-17; mosquito infection rates ranged from 2.02 to 23.81 per thousand (95% CI). Climate data indicated anomalously high precipitation in 2014-19 preceding WNV transmission. Data analyzed herein indicate utility in year-round continuous and diversified surveillance methodologies. This information is needed to properly calibrate future models that could assist with predicting transmission events of WNV in Panama City Beach, FL.
自引入以来的 20 多年里，西尼罗河病毒（WNV）一直是美国主要的虫媒病毒病病原体。在巴拿马城海滩（佛罗里达州湾县），通过监测哨鸡和检测蚊子种群中病毒 RNA 的存在来监测 WNV 的传播。在目前的工作中，我们通过每周对监测哨鸡进行血清学采样、使用吸蚊器（1 米和 9 米）和每周使用诱蚊产卵器收集进行双周蚊子种群监测以及使用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测来监测从 2014 年到 2020 年的 WNV 传播。将样本送到公共卫生实验室局（坦帕，佛罗里达州）进行 RT-PCR 检测以检测 WNV 的存在/缺失。我们的结果表明，与地面收集相比，冠层监测可以增加蚊子收集的比例，同时减少附带捕获的数量。血清学检测表明，2014 年至 2020 年期间，研究区域有 94 例对 WNV 的血清学转化。最活跃的年份是 2016 年，占研究期间报告的所有血清学转化的 32%（n=30）。我们在 2014 年至 2017 年期间从库蚊中检测到 20 个WNV 阳性蚊子种群；蚊子感染率范围为每千只 2.02 至 23.81（95%CI）。气候数据表明，WNV 传播前的 2014-19 年降水异常高。本文分析的数据表明，全年连续和多样化的监测方法是有效的。这些信息对于正确校准未来的模型是必要的，这些模型可以帮助预测佛罗里达州巴拿马城海滩的 WNV 传播事件。
