Marchetti Cristina, Cantoni Anna Maria, Ferrari Luca, Pisani Giovanni Maria, Corradi Attilio
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Jul 19;9:898721. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.898721. eCollection 2022.
The growth of human population has led, in recent years, to increasingly frequent contacts with the wild animals with which we share the territory, sometimes leading to negative interactions with them. The purpose of the study is to apply the codes contained in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) method to investigate the cause and the manner of death, also to entrust the veterinarian with the task of recognizing and describing a suspected animal abuse as a sentinel indicator of violence toward humans and non-humans, thus expanding the concept of "One Health" from a forensic investigation perspective. The subjects recruited are wild mammals submitted for autopsy to the Pathology Unit of the Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Italy, from 2015 to 2018. The manner and the cause of death of 167 wild animals of 16 different species have been investigated. When possible, an on-site inspection where the corpse was found was performed. Injuries were classified according to the on-line 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases method. Section 22 (Injury, poisoning or certain other consequences of external causes) was used to record the "immediate cause of death" () and Section 23 (External causes of morbidity or mortality) was used to record the "underlying cause of death" () for each animal. In most cases, death occurred as a result of road trauma but in some cases, abuse and voluntary killing were investigated. The recognition of non-accidental injuries is particularly important for both the defense in court of animals and for the connection between crimes committed against animals and against humans, known as "". The use of the ICD-11 method, as a sort of summary of the autopsy report, was confirmed to be of great value for the clarity and simplicity of processing the data collected also by veterinary pathologists. The veterinary pathologists can use this evidence-based method with the aim of creating a national register and therefore, to understand the real extent of the human impact on wildlife and document it in a scientific and statistically usable way.
近年来，人类人口的增长导致与我们共享这片土地的野生动物的接触日益频繁，有时会导致与它们产生负面互动。本研究的目的是应用《国际疾病分类》第11次修订版（ICD - 11）方法中的编码来调查死亡原因和方式，还委托兽医承担识别和描述疑似动物虐待的任务，将其作为对人类和非人类暴力行为的哨兵指标，从而从法医调查的角度扩展“同一健康”的概念。招募的研究对象是2015年至2018年期间提交给意大利帕尔马大学兽医学院病理科进行尸检的野生哺乳动物。对16个不同物种的167只野生动物的死亡方式和原因进行了调查。在可能的情况下，对发现尸体的现场进行了检查。损伤根据《国际疾病分类》第11次在线修订版方法进行分类。第22节（损伤、中毒或其他外部原因的某些后果）用于记录每只动物的“直接死因”（），第23节（发病或死亡的外部原因）用于记录“根本死因”（）。在大多数情况下，死亡是由道路创伤导致的，但在某些情况下，也对虐待和故意杀害进行了调查。识别非意外伤害对于在法庭上为动物辩护以及对于针对动物和人类的犯罪之间的联系（称为“”）都特别重要。ICD - 11方法作为尸检报告的一种总结，被证实对于兽医病理学家收集的数据处理的清晰度和简单性具有很大价值。兽医病理学家可以使用这种基于证据的方法，旨在创建一个国家登记册，从而了解人类对野生动物影响的实际程度，并以科学且具有统计学可用性的方式记录下来。
