Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Zoology, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), G. N. Mills, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India.
Biomater Adv. 2022 May;136:212756. doi: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212756. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained significant growing attention in the recent past due to their peculiar characteristics including smaller size, high surface area, photoluminescence, chemical stability, facile synthesis and functionalization possibilities. They are carbon nanostructures having less than 10 nm size with fluorescent properties. In recent years, the scientific community is curiously adopting biomass precursors for the preparation of CQDs over the chemical compounds. These biomass sources are sustainable, eco-friendly, inexpensive, widely available and convert waste into valuable materials. Hence in our work the fundamental understating of diverse fabrication methodologies of CQDs, and the types of raw materials employed in recent times, are all examined and correlated comprehensively. Their unique combination of remarkable properties, together with the ease with which they can be fabricated, makes CQDs as promising materials for applications in diverse biomedical fields, in particular for bio-imaging, targeted drug delivery and phototherapy for cancer treatment. The mechanism for luminescence is of considerable significance for leading the synthesis of CQDs with tunable fluorescence emission. Therefore, it is aimed to explore and provide an updated review on (i) the recent progress on the different synthesis methods of biomass-derived CQDs, (ii) the contribution of surface states or functional groups on the luminescence origin and (iii) its potential application for cancer theranostics, concentrating on their fluorescence properties. Finally, we explored the challenges in modification for the synthesis of CQDs from biomass derivatives and the future scope of CQDs in phototherapy for cancer theranostics.
碳量子点 (CQDs) 由于其独特的特性，包括较小的尺寸、高的表面积、光致发光、化学稳定性、易于合成和功能化的可能性，在最近引起了人们的极大关注。它们是具有小于 10nm 尺寸的荧光碳纳米结构。近年来，科学界对使用生物质前体来制备 CQDs 而不是化学化合物产生了浓厚的兴趣。这些生物质来源是可持续的、环保的、廉价的、广泛可用的，并将废物转化为有价值的材料。因此，在我们的工作中，全面地考察和关联了 CQDs 的各种制备方法的基本原理，以及目前使用的原材料类型。它们独特的卓越性能组合，以及它们易于制造的特点，使 CQDs 成为应用于各种生物医学领域的有前途的材料，特别是在生物成像、靶向药物输送和癌症治疗的光疗方面。发光机制对于指导具有可调谐荧光发射的 CQDs 的合成具有重要意义。因此，本研究旨在探讨和提供（i）生物质衍生 CQDs 的不同合成方法的最新进展，（ii）表面状态或功能基团对发光起源的贡献，以及（iii）其在癌症治疗中的荧光性能方面的潜在应用的最新综述。最后，我们探讨了从生物质衍生物合成 CQDs 中的修饰挑战，以及 CQDs 在癌症治疗中的光疗中的未来前景。
