《欧洲男科学会（EAA）健康、有生育能力男性的超声研究：男性生殖器官超声参考范围概述》。
The European Academy of Andrology (EAA) ultrasound study on healthy, fertile men: An overview on male genital tract ultrasound reference ranges.
机构信息
Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Endocrinology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti Ancona, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
出版信息
Andrology. 2022 Oct;10 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):118-132. doi: 10.1111/andr.13260.
BACKGROUND
So far, male genital tract color-Doppler ultrasound (MGT-CDUS) was not standardized. Recently, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) published the results of a multicenter study assessing the CDUS characteristics of healthy-fertile men (HFM) to obtain normative parameters.
OBJECTIVES
To report the EAA US study (i) standard operating procedures (SOPs) for assessing MGT-CDUS, (ii) main MGT-CDUS normative parameters, and (iii) compare the EAA and previously published "normal" CDUS values.
METHODS
A cohort of 248 HFM (35.3 ± 5.9 years) was studied, evaluating MGT-CDUS before and after ejaculation following SOPs.
RESULTS
SOPs for MGT-CDUS assessment are summarized here. All subjects underwent scrotal CDUS and 188 men underwent transrectal ultrasound before and after ejaculation. The main CDUS reference ranges and characteristics of the HFM-MGT are reported here. The mean testicular volume was ∼17 mL. The lower limit for right and left testis was 12 and 11 mL, defining testicular hypotrophy. The upper limit for epididymal head, body, tail, and vas deferens was 11.5, 5, 6, and 4.5 mm, respectively. Testicular and epididymal arterial reference ranges are reported. The EAA varicocoele classification is reported. CDUS-varicocoele was detected in ∼37% of men. Prostate mean volume was ∼25 mL, while lower and upper limits were 15 and 35 mL, defining hypotrophy and enlargement, respectively. Prostate arterial reference ranges are reported. Prostate calcifications and inhomogeneity were frequent; midline prostatic cysts were rare and small. Ejaculatory duct abnormalities were absent. The upper limit for periprostatic venous plexus was 4.5 mm. Lower and upper limits of seminal vesicles (SV) anterior-posterior diameter were 6 and 16 mm, defining hypotrophy or dilation, respectively. Seminal vesicle volume and ejection fraction reference ranges are reported. SV-US abnormalities were rare. Deferential ampullas upper limit was 6 mm. A discussion on the EAA and previously published "normal" CDUS values is reported here.
CONCLUSIONS
The EAA findings will help in reproductive and general male health management.
背景
到目前为止，男性生殖器官彩色多谱勒超声（MGT-CDUS）尚未标准化。最近，欧洲男科学会（EAA）发表了一项多中心研究的结果，该研究评估了健康生育男性（HFM）的 CDUS 特征，以获得规范参数。
目的
报告 EAA US 研究（i）评估 MGT-CDUS 的标准操作程序（SOP），（ii）主要 MGT-CDUS 规范参数，以及（iii）比较 EAA 和以前发表的“正常”CDUS 值。
方法
研究了 248 名 HFM（35.3±5.9 岁），根据 SOP 评估 MGT-CDUS 在射精前后的情况。
结果
总结了 MGT-CDUS 评估的 SOP。所有受试者均接受阴囊 CDUS 检查，188 名男性接受直肠超声检查，在射精前后进行。报告了 HFM-MGT 的主要 CDUS 参考范围和特征。睾丸平均体积约为 17ml。右侧和左侧睾丸的下限分别为 12 和 11ml，定义为睾丸萎缩。附睾头部、体部、尾部和输精管的上限分别为 11.5、5、6 和 4.5mm。报告了睾丸和附睾动脉的参考范围。报告了 EAA 精索静脉曲张分类。约 37%的男性发现 CDUS 精索静脉曲张。前列腺平均体积约为 25ml，下限和上限分别为 15 和 35ml，分别定义为萎缩和增大。报告了前列腺动脉的参考范围。前列腺钙化和不均匀很常见；中线前列腺囊肿罕见且较小。射精管异常不存在。前列腺周围静脉丛的上限为 4.5mm。精囊前后径的下限和上限分别为 6 和 16mm，分别定义为萎缩或扩张。报告了精囊体积和射血分数的参考范围。精囊超声异常罕见。壶腹上限为 6mm。报告了 EAA 和以前发表的“正常”CDUS 值的讨论。
结论
EAA 的发现将有助于生殖和男性整体健康管理。
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