Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Climate Adaptation and Green Infrastructure, Ramboll, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
J Environ Manage. 2022 Oct 15;320:115724. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115724. Epub 2022 Aug 2.
Nature-based solutions may actively reduce hydro-meteorological risks in urban areas as a part of climate change adaptation. However, the main reason for the increasing uptake of this type of solution is their many benefits for the local inhabitants, including recreational value. Previous studies on recreational value focus on studies of existing nature sites that are often much larger than what is considered as new NBS for flood adaptation studies in urban areas. We thus prioritized studies with smaller areas and nature types suitable for urban flood adaptation and divided them into four common nature types for urban flood adaptation: sustainable urban drainage systems, city parks, nature areas and rivers. We identified 23 primary valuation studies, including both stated and revealed preference studies, and derived two value transfer functions based on meta-regression analysis on existing areas. We investigated trends between values and variables and found that for the purpose of planning of new NBS the size of NBS and population density were determining factors of recreational value. For existing NBS the maximum travelling distance may be included as well. We find that existing state-of-the-art studies overestimate the recreational with more than a factor of 4 for NBS sizes below 5 ha. Our results are valid in a European context for nature-based solutions below 250 ha and can be applied across different NBS types and sizes.
基于自然的解决方案可以作为气候变化适应的一部分，积极降低城市地区的水文气象风险。然而，这种解决方案越来越受欢迎的主要原因是它们为当地居民带来了许多好处，包括娱乐价值。以前关于娱乐价值的研究主要集中在对现有自然场所的研究上，这些场所通常比城市洪水适应研究中被认为是新的基于自然的解决方案大得多。因此，我们优先考虑了面积较小、适合城市洪水适应的自然类型的研究，并将其分为四种常见的城市洪水适应自然类型：可持续城市排水系统、城市公园、自然区和河流。我们确定了 23 项主要评估研究，包括陈述偏好研究和揭示偏好研究，并基于对现有区域的元回归分析，得出了两个价值转移函数。我们调查了价值与变量之间的趋势，发现对于新的基于自然的解决方案的规划而言，解决方案的大小和人口密度是娱乐价值的决定因素。对于现有的基于自然的解决方案，最大旅行距离也可以包括在内。我们发现，现有的最先进的研究对于面积小于 5 公顷的基于自然的解决方案，过高估计了其娱乐价值，超过了 4 倍。我们的结果在欧洲范围内适用于 250 公顷以下的基于自然的解决方案，可以应用于不同的基于自然的解决方案类型和规模。
