Gao Ru, Zhang Bing-Zhi, Peng Shu-Rong, Tian Guo-Jiao, Chan Sherry Kit Wa, Lin Jing-Xia, Xu Liu-Xiu, Zheng Zai-Jiang, Pu Dao-Sheng, Ran Mao-Sheng
Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2022 Dec;57(12):2433-2444. doi: 10.1007/s00127-022-02323-w. Epub 2022 Aug 6.
This study aimed to explore the prevalence and distribution of mental disorders in the elderly population 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China.
A multi-stage, group-matching random sampling method was adopted with 2579 elderly participants (≥ 60 years old) who were interviewed from January to May 2019. Preliminary screening was conducted using the scale by trained psychiatric nurses, followed by a diagnostic interview during the second stage using Chinese Version of the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder by trained psychiatrists.
A total of 2561 participants were included in this study with complete data. The weighted lifetime prevalence of all mental disorders in the elderly was 16.2% (95% CI 15.3-17.1), and the weighted 12-month prevalence was 15.2% (95% CI 13.4-17.0). Depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, substance-related and addictive disorders were the most common mental disorders. The 12-month prevalence of all mental disorders were significantly higher in the elderly living alone, with chronic somatic disease, and being poor (P < 0.05). The 12-month prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was significantly higher in the elderly in extremely severely earthquake-affected areas (P < 0.001).
The results of this study show that mental health status of the elderly in Ya'an area differ by socio-economic development, geographical location, and natural disasters. The social and economic development characteristics, the impact of major natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes), and population characteristics should be combined to formulate strategies and interventions to promote the mental health of the elderly.
本研究旨在探讨中国雅安芦山地震5年后老年人群精神障碍的患病率及分布情况。
采用多阶段、组间匹配随机抽样方法，选取2579名老年参与者（≥60岁），于2019年1月至5月进行访谈。由经过培训的精神科护士使用量表进行初步筛查，第二阶段由经过培训的精神科医生使用《精神障碍诊断与统计手册》第5版中文版进行诊断访谈。
本研究共纳入2561名数据完整的参与者。老年人所有精神障碍的加权终生患病率为16.2%（95%CI 15.3 - 17.1），加权12个月患病率为15.2%（95%CI 13.4 - 17.0）。抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍、物质相关及成瘾性障碍是最常见的精神障碍。独居、患有慢性躯体疾病及贫困的老年人中所有精神障碍的12个月患病率显著更高（P < 0.05）。极重地震灾区老年人创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的12个月患病率显著更高（P < 0.001）。
本研究结果表明，雅安地区老年人的心理健康状况因社会经济发展、地理位置和自然灾害而异。应综合社会经济发展特点、重大自然灾害（如地震）的影响及人口特征，制定促进老年人心理健康的策略和干预措施。
