Rayens N T, Rayens E A, Tighe R M
Duke University, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
University of Georgia, Department of Infectious Diseases, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Occup Med (Lond). 2022 Dec 7;72(8):527-533. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqac079.
Pneumoconiosis is a well-documented occupational disease that is linked to conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia and congestive heart failure. Pneumoconiosis prevalence has decreased in the United States, but it remains implicated in tens of thousands of deaths worldwide per year.
To provide a recent update on associations of pneumoconiosis and smoking status with various pulmonary diseases in the United States.
The CDC's National Vital Statistics System was analysed on the entity axis using ICD-10 codes for pulmonary disease and potential lung injury with a cohort of those aged 15 and older during the years 2010-2019. The cases of evaluated diseases were scaled to rates per 100 000 and compared through analysis of variance.
Pneumoconiosis and smoking history were each associated with an increased rate of COPD, but combined, were associated with an even higher rate of COPD than either factor alone. Smoking history was associated with an increased rate of lung cancer, but pneumoconiosis status was only linked to increased lung cancer prevalence in non-smokers. Both pneumoconiosis and smoking were associated with an increased rate of pneumonia, but combined, had no deviation from the pneumonia rate in those with pneumoconiosis alone. Finally, pneumoconiosis status was associated with decreased rates of non-lung cancers and sepsis.
Although pneumoconiosis has become less common in the United States through regulatory and industrial shifts, it is still a significant risk factor for co-occurring pulmonary diseases and will likely remain relevant as international demands for mining, construction and manufacturing change.
尘肺病是一种有充分文献记载的职业病，与慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、肺炎和充血性心力衰竭等疾病有关。在美国，尘肺病的患病率有所下降，但每年仍导致全球数万人死亡。
提供美国尘肺病和吸烟状况与各种肺部疾病关联的最新情况。
利用国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）中肺部疾病和潜在肺损伤的编码，对疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）的国家生命统计系统进行实体轴分析，研究对象为2010 - 2019年期间15岁及以上的人群。将评估疾病的病例数换算为每10万人的发病率，并通过方差分析进行比较。
尘肺病和吸烟史均与慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病率增加有关，但两者共同作用时，与慢性阻塞性肺疾病发病率增加的关联比单独任何一个因素都更高。吸烟史与肺癌发病率增加有关，但尘肺病状况仅与非吸烟者肺癌患病率增加有关。尘肺病和吸烟都与肺炎发病率增加有关，但两者共同作用时，与仅患有尘肺病者的肺炎发病率无差异。最后，尘肺病状况与非肺癌和败血症发病率降低有关。
尽管通过监管和产业转变，尘肺病在美国已变得不那么常见，但它仍是并发肺部疾病的重要危险因素，并且随着国际对采矿、建筑和制造业需求的变化，可能仍然具有相关性。
