Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2022 Oct;178:103778. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103778. Epub 2022 Aug 4.
Malignancies that develop from mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract are known as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Heterogeneity, late stage diagnosis and high recurrence rate are big hurdles in head and neck treatment regimen. Presently, the biomarkers available for diagnosis and prognosis of HNSCC are based on smoking as the major risk habit. This review shed light on the differential environment of HNSCC in smokeless tobacco consuming Indian patients. Frequent mutation in genes involved in DNA repair pathway (p53), cell proliferation (PIK3CA, HRAS) and cell death (CASP8, FADD) are common in western population. On the contrary, the genes involved in metastasis (MMPs, YAP1), lymphocyte proliferation (TNFRSF4, CD80), cell-cell adhesion (DCC, EDNRB), miRNA processing (DROSHA) and inflammatory responses (TLR9, IL-9) are mutated in Indian HNSCC patients. Gene ontology enrichment analysis highlighted that responses to chemical stimulus, immune pathways and stress pathways are highly enriched in Indian patients.
起源于上呼吸道黏膜上皮的恶性肿瘤被称为头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）。异质性、晚期诊断和高复发率是头颈部治疗方案的重大障碍。目前，用于 HNSCC 诊断和预后的生物标志物基于吸烟这一主要危险习惯。本综述阐明了印度嚼烟消费患者 HNSCC 不同的环境。在西方人群中，涉及 DNA 修复途径（p53）、细胞增殖（PIK3CA、HRAS）和细胞死亡（CASP8、FADD）的基因经常发生突变。相反，涉及转移（MMPs、YAP1）、淋巴细胞增殖（TNFRSF4、CD80）、细胞间黏附（DCC、EDNRB）、miRNA 加工（DROSHA）和炎症反应（TLR9、IL-9）的基因在印度 HNSCC 患者中发生突变。基因本体富集分析强调，印度患者中对化学刺激、免疫途径和应激途径的反应高度富集。
