Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, United States.
Department of Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, United States.
Appetite. 2022 Nov 1;178:106268. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106268. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
The objective of this study was to investigate the association between household food insecurity and food intake among children who participated in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), including a sub-sample who also participated in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Data came from the 2014 and 2017 Los Angeles County WIC Surveys, involving a random sample of WIC participating families in Los Angeles, California. Outcome variables were average daily consumption of fruit, 100% fruit juice, vegetables, milk, other juice, other sweetened drinks, and sweet foods, and frequency of fast-food consumption, as reported by the child's caregiver. Our predictor was household food insecurity, obtained from the 6-item Household Food Security Survey Module. Poisson regression (fruit, 100% fruit juice, vegetables, and milk), Negative Binomial regression (other juice, other sweetened drinks, and sweet foods) and multinomial logistic regression (frequency of fast food) models were run, adjusting for child's age and sex; maternal age, ethnicity and language, education, and employment; and type of WIC participation (WIC only vs. WIC + SNAP). In fully adjusted models, household food insecurity was associated with higher consumption of 100% fruit juice (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.03-1.11), milk (RR = 1.04, 95%CI = 1.01-1.07), other juice (RR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.08-1.26), other sweetened drinks (RR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.12-1.46), and sweet foods (RR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.04-1.14). No significant associations were found between household food insecurity and fruit and vegetable consumption. Nutrition education provided by WIC should continue to emphasize the importance of consuming fresh foods, while limiting foods high in sugar for this young population. Efforts should be made to identify food insecure families at the point of service delivery for enhanced nutrition education and social services referrals.
本研究旨在探讨参与妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划（WIC）的儿童的家庭食物不安全状况与食物摄入之间的关联，包括也参与补充营养援助计划（SNAP）的亚组。数据来自 2014 年和 2017 年洛杉矶县 WIC 调查，涉及加利福尼亚州洛杉矶 WIC 参与家庭的随机样本。结果变量为儿童看护者报告的平均每日水果、100%纯果汁、蔬菜、牛奶、其他果汁、其他含糖饮料和甜食的摄入量，以及快餐的食用频率。我们的预测变量是家庭食物不安全状况，通过 6 项家庭食物安全调查模块获得。使用泊松回归（水果、100%纯果汁、蔬菜和牛奶）、负二项回归（其他果汁、其他含糖饮料和甜食）和多项逻辑回归（快餐频率）模型进行分析，调整了儿童的年龄和性别；母亲的年龄、种族和语言、教育和就业；以及 WIC 参与类型（仅 WIC 与 WIC+SNAP）。在完全调整的模型中，家庭食物不安全与 100%纯果汁（RR=1.08，95%CI=1.03-1.11）、牛奶（RR=1.04，95%CI=1.01-1.07）、其他果汁（RR=1.16，95%CI=1.08-1.26）、其他含糖饮料（RR=1.28，95%CI=1.12-1.46）和甜食（RR=1.09，95%CI=1.04-1.14）的消耗呈正相关。家庭食物不安全与水果和蔬菜的摄入之间没有显著关联。WIC 提供的营养教育应继续强调食用新鲜食物的重要性，同时限制该年轻人群食用高糖食物。应努力在服务提供点识别食物不安全家庭，以加强营养教育和社会服务转介。
