Nakai Toru, Tsuji Toshinaga, Tsuda Hiroshi, Sotodate Takuma, Namba Yuki, Uenishi Tatsuhiro, Iwasaki Katsuhiko, Kokubo Kinya, Tomita Hiroaki
Medical Affairs Department, Shionogi & Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
Clinical Research, Innovation and Education Center, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2022 Jul 29;18:1561-1572. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S358085. eCollection 2022.
This study aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment status, work productivity, quality of life (QOL), and depressive symptoms in undiagnosed adults with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in Japan.
An observational study used baseline data from a Japanese Medilead Healthcare Panel before the COVID-19 pandemic (October-December 2019). Eligible panel participants were then surveyed during the pandemic (March 2021). ADHD symptoms were screened using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. Changes in QOL (EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels; EQ-5D-5L) and productivity impairment (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment scale; WPAI) from before to during the pandemic were analyzed in undiagnosed adults with and without ADHD symptoms. Unemployment rate and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9) during the pandemic were compared between groups.
Participants with (N=949) and without (N=942) ADHD symptoms completed the survey. The unemployment rate was not significantly different between participants with and without ADHD symptoms. Participants with ADHD symptoms were more likely to change jobs or employers during the pandemic. PHQ-9 scores in participants with ADHD symptoms were significantly higher than in those without ADHD symptoms (8.96 vs 3.57, respectively) during the pandemic. Before the pandemic, WPAI scores were significantly higher and EQ-5D-5L scores lower in participants with ADHD symptoms than in those without. Productivity improved and QOL was not altered during the pandemic in both groups, but productivity and QOL remained poorer among participants with ADHD symptoms than in those without.
Productivity was improved among all participants during the COVID-19 pandemic, contrary to expectations. However, adults with ADHD symptoms consistently had lower productivity, poorer QOL, and more depressive symptoms than those without ADHD symptoms.
本研究旨在评估新冠疫情对日本未确诊的有和没有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的成年人的就业状况、工作效率、生活质量（QOL）和抑郁症状的影响。
一项观察性研究使用了新冠疫情之前（2019年10月至12月）日本Medilead医疗保健小组的基线数据。然后在疫情期间（2021年3月）对符合条件的小组参与者进行了调查。使用成人ADHD自我报告量表筛查ADHD症状。分析了疫情之前至期间，未确诊的有和没有ADHD症状的成年人的生活质量变化（欧洲五维度五水平量表；EQ-5D-5L）和生产力受损情况（工作效率和活动受损量表；WPAI）。比较了两组在疫情期间的失业率和抑郁症状（患者健康问卷；PHQ-9）。
有（N=949）和没有（N=942）ADHD症状的参与者完成了调查。有和没有ADHD症状的参与者之间的失业率没有显著差异。有ADHD症状的参与者在疫情期间更有可能更换工作或雇主。在疫情期间，有ADHD症状的参与者的PHQ-9得分显著高于没有ADHD症状的参与者（分别为8.96和3.57）。在疫情之前，有ADHD症状的参与者的WPAI得分显著高于没有ADHD症状的参与者，而EQ-5D-5L得分则更低。在疫情期间，两组的生产力均有所提高，生活质量没有改变，但有ADHD症状的参与者的生产力和生活质量仍然比没有ADHD症状的参与者差。
与预期相反，在新冠疫情期间所有参与者的生产力都有所提高。然而，有ADHD症状的成年人的生产力始终低于没有ADHD症状的成年人，生活质量更差，抑郁症状更多。
