Faculty of Nursing, Burapha University, Chon Buri, Thailand (Dr Srisopa); and University of Connecticut, Storrs (Dr Walsh, Henderson, and Lucas and Mss Amoo and Gyamfi).
Adv Neonatal Care. 2023 Apr 1;23(2):E30-E39. doi: 10.1097/ANC.0000000000001020. Epub 2022 Aug 1.
The critical time to continue or stop breastfeeding is during the first month after hospital discharge. Mothers receive lactation and physical support by fathers and others bottle-feeding human or formula milk to their infants.
To describe the effect of feeders (mothers, fathers, and others) and different milk feeding on infants' weekly exclusive breastfeeding rates, from birth to 1 month after discharge.
This study was a secondary analysis of a descriptive longitudinal study of mothers' (full-term: n = 77; late preterm: n = 39) breastfeeding experience, frequency of feeding, and infant feeding behaviors. Mothers completed a weekly questionnaire of who (mothers, fathers, and others) fed their infants human or formula milk by direct breastfeeding or bottle-feeding.
More than 60% of mothers reported fathers and others bottle-fed their infants. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were significantly higher when only mothers fed their infants at week 1 ( P < .001), week 3 ( P < .05), and week 4 ( P < .05). Exclusive breastfeeding rates were negatively affected across time by bottle-feeding any human or formula milk for all feeders. When fathers bottle-fed their infants at week 1, the relative rates of exclusive breastfeeding at week 4 decreased to 52% (OR = 0.103; 95% CI, 0.26-0.404; P < .0001).
Individuals providing early bottle-feeding adversely affect breastfeeding outcomes. Providers need to address maternal and paternal knowledge gaps about early breastfeeding practice.
Further research is needed to explore clinical standard of care for management of infant weight loss, early supplementation, and support of exclusive breastfeeding outcomes.
继续或停止母乳喂养的关键时间是出院后第一个月。母亲通过父亲和其他喂哺者用奶瓶喂哺人奶或配方奶来为婴儿提供哺乳和身体支持。
描述喂养者（母亲、父亲和其他喂哺者）和不同的奶类喂养对婴儿出生后至出院后 1 个月期间每周纯母乳喂养率的影响。
这是一项对母亲（足月：n=77；晚期早产儿：n=39）母乳喂养经历、喂养频率和婴儿喂养行为的描述性纵向研究的二次分析。母亲每周通过直接哺乳或奶瓶喂养完成一份问卷，记录谁（母亲、父亲和其他喂哺者）喂哺了婴儿人奶或配方奶。
超过 60%的母亲报告说父亲和其他喂哺者用奶瓶喂哺了婴儿。仅母亲在第 1 周（P<.001）、第 3 周（P<.05）和第 4 周（P<.05）时喂哺婴儿，其纯母乳喂养率显著更高。所有喂养者用奶瓶喂哺任何人奶或配方奶都会随时间推移对纯母乳喂养率产生负面影响。当父亲在第 1 周用奶瓶喂哺婴儿时，第 4 周纯母乳喂养的相对比率下降至 52%（OR=0.103；95%CI，0.26-0.404；P<.0001）。
提供早期奶瓶喂哺的个体对母乳喂养结果产生不利影响。提供者需要解决母亲和父亲在早期母乳喂养实践方面的知识差距。
需要进一步研究以探索婴儿体重减轻、早期补充和支持纯母乳喂养结果的临床标准护理。
