Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2022 Oct;76:101963. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101963. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
An essential gene encodes for a cellular function that is required for viability. Although viability is a straightforward phenotype to analyze in yeast, defining a gene as essential is not always trivial. Gene essentiality has generally been studied in specific laboratory strains and under standard growth conditions, however, essentiality can vary across species, strains, and environments. Recent systematic studies of gene essentiality revealed that two sets of essential genes exist: core essential genes that are always required for viability and conditional essential genes that vary in essentiality in different genetic and environmental contexts. Here, we review recent advances made in the systematic analysis of gene essentiality in yeast and discuss the properties that distinguish core from context-dependent essential genes.
必需基因编码细胞功能，这些功能对于生存是必需的。虽然在酵母中分析生存能力是一种直接的表型，但将一个基因定义为必需并不总是那么简单。基因的必需性通常是在特定的实验室菌株和标准生长条件下进行研究的，然而，必需性在不同的物种、菌株和环境中可能会有所不同。最近对基因必需性的系统研究表明，存在两组必需基因：核心必需基因，它们总是生存所必需的；条件必需基因，它们在不同的遗传和环境背景下的必需性有所不同。在这里，我们综述了酵母中基因必需性的系统分析的最新进展，并讨论了区分核心必需基因和依赖于环境的必需基因的特性。
