Wang Wenyu, Yang Peng, Xia Jun, Zhang Shengqing, Hu Sheng
School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430000, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Jan;30(2):3182-3196. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-22136-3. Epub 2022 Aug 9.
The hydrological exchange process between Poyang Lake (PYL), the largest freshwater lake in China, and the Yangtze River leads to drastic changes in water area (WA) and water level (WL), as well as apparent fluctuations in lake nutrients, algal organisms, and trophic level index. This study investigated the current status of the PYL water environment and the influence of hydrological changes on the nutrient status of the floodplain of the lake. Based on monthly measured data from six hydrological stations from 2016 to 2019, it was hypothesized that WA and WL were the key regulators of the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of lake water quality and algal growth, including water temperature, water clarity (Secchi depth [SD]), and nutrient levels. The results revealed that (1) the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of major nutrients in PYL were influenced by dynamic changes in hydrological characteristics (SD, total nitrogen [TN], and total phosphorus [TP]); (2) the eutrophication level in PYL has been in a steady state in recent years, while the central area has been more prone to the risk of eutrophication (e.g., the peak eutrophication index during Period 1 [January to April] in the water near the Duchang station reached 70); and (3) there were significant correlations among environmental variables, nutrients, and algal organisms, with different spatial and temporal distribution characteristics (p < 0.05), while the changes in WA and WL considerably influenced the water environment in the PYL.
中国最大的淡水湖鄱阳湖与长江之间的水文交换过程导致了水域面积（WA）和水位（WL）的剧烈变化，以及湖泊营养物质、藻类生物和营养水平指数的明显波动。本研究调查了鄱阳湖的水环境现状以及水文变化对湖滨平原营养状况的影响。基于2016年至2019年六个水文站的月度实测数据，研究假设水域面积和水位是湖泊水质和藻类生长时空分布模式的关键调节因素，包括水温、水体透明度（塞氏深度[SD]）和营养水平。结果表明：（1）鄱阳湖主要营养物质的时空分布特征受水文特征（SD、总氮[TN]和总磷[TP]）动态变化的影响；（2）近年来鄱阳湖的富营养化水平处于稳定状态，而中部地区更容易出现富营养化风险（例如，都昌站附近水域在第1阶段[1月至4月]的富营养化指数峰值达到70）；（3）环境变量、营养物质和藻类生物之间存在显著相关性，具有不同的时空分布特征（p < 0.05），而水域面积和水位的变化对鄱阳湖的水环境有很大影响。
