老年人下楼梯时的下肢刚度、力矩和工作模式
The Lower Limb Stiffness, Moments, and Work Mode During Stair Descent Among the Older Adults.
作者信息
Ma Gang, Cao Chuanbao, Zhang Teng, Zheng Huifen, Song Qipeng, Zhang Cui, Sun Wei, Wang Jiangna
机构信息
From the Logistics University of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China (GM); Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang, China (CC); Harbin Sport University, Harbin, China (TZ); Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China (HZ); Shandong Sport University, Jinan, China (QS, WS, JW); and Shandong Institute of Sport Science, Jinan, China (CZ).
出版信息
Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2023 Mar 1;102(3):222-228. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002079. Epub 2022 Aug 6.
OBJECTIVE
Lower limb stiffness strategies and work mode changes between young and older adults during stair descent are unclear. This study investigated the effect of aging on the lower limb stiffness, moments, and joint work mode during stair descent.
DESIGN
Twenty young adults and 20 older adults were recruited from the local community for stair descent test. Kinematics and kinetics data were collected by Vicon system and Kistler force plate. The lower limb stiffness, moments, and work mode were calculated and assess between groups.
RESULTS
No significant differences in gait parameters were detected between groups. Compared with young adults, older adults have decreased leg stiffness, knee and ankle stiffness, increased peak hip extension moment, hip stiffness, and ankle work contribution.
CONCLUSIONS
The older adults actively reduce the lower limb stiffness to reduce the risk of injury during stair descent. The hip joint strategy reduces the risk of forwarding falls and ankle joint compensation work mode to make up for the lack of knee extension strength. This provides a reference for the focus of exercise intervention and rehabilitation strategies for older adults.
目的
年轻人和老年人在走下楼梯过程中下肢的刚度策略和工作模式变化尚不清楚。本研究调查了衰老对走下楼梯过程中下肢刚度、力矩和关节工作模式的影响。
设计
从当地社区招募了20名年轻人和20名老年人进行走下楼梯测试。通过Vicon系统和Kistler测力台收集运动学和动力学数据。计算并评估两组之间的下肢刚度、力矩和工作模式。
结果
两组之间未检测到步态参数的显著差异。与年轻人相比，老年人的腿部刚度、膝关节和踝关节刚度降低，髋关节伸展峰值力矩、髋关节刚度和踝关节做功贡献增加。
结论
老年人在走下楼梯时会主动降低下肢刚度以降低受伤风险。髋关节策略降低了向前跌倒的风险，踝关节补偿工作模式弥补了膝关节伸展力量的不足。这为老年人运动干预和康复策略的重点提供了参考。
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