Sanders Ashley F P, Baum Graham L, Harms Michael P, Kandala Sridhar, Bookheimer Susan Y, Dapretto Mirella, Somerville Leah H, Thomas Kathleen M, Van Essen David C, Yacoub Essa, Barch Deanna M
Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2022 Oct;57:101145. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101145. Epub 2022 Aug 5.
The human cerebral cortex undergoes considerable changes during development, with cortical maturation patterns reflecting regional heterogeneity that generally progresses in a posterior-to-anterior fashion. However, the organizing principles that govern cortical development remain unclear. In the current study, we characterized age-related differences in cortical thickness (CT) as a function of sex, pubertal timing, and two dissociable indices of socioeconomic status (i.e., income-to-needs and maternal education) in the context of functional brain network organization, using a cross-sectional sample (n = 789) diverse in race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status from the Lifespan Human Connectome Project in Development (HCP-D). We found that CT generally followed a linear decline from 5 to 21 years of age, except for three functional networks that displayed nonlinear trajectories. We found no main effect of sex or age by sex interaction for any network. Earlier pubertal timing was associated with reduced mean CT and CT in seven networks. We also found a significant age by maternal education interaction for mean CT across cortex and CT in the dorsal attention network, where higher levels of maternal education were associated with steeper age-related decreases in CT. Taken together, our results suggest that these biological and environmental variations may impact the emerging functional connectome.
人类大脑皮层在发育过程中会发生显著变化，皮层成熟模式反映出区域异质性，这种异质性通常以从后向前的方式发展。然而，支配皮层发育的组织原则仍不清楚。在当前的研究中，我们在功能性脑网络组织的背景下，使用来自发育中的寿命人类连接组计划（HCP-D）的一个在种族、民族和社会经济地位方面具有多样性的横断面样本（n = 789），将皮层厚度（CT）的年龄相关差异表征为性别、青春期时间以及社会经济地位的两个可分离指标（即收入需求比和母亲教育程度）的函数。我们发现，CT通常在5至21岁之间呈线性下降，但有三个功能网络显示出非线性轨迹。我们没有发现任何网络存在性别主效应或年龄与性别的交互作用。青春期较早与七个网络中平均CT和CT的降低有关。我们还发现，在整个皮层的平均CT以及背侧注意网络的CT方面，存在显著的年龄与母亲教育程度的交互作用，其中母亲教育程度较高与CT随年龄增长的下降幅度更大有关。综合来看，我们的结果表明，这些生物学和环境变化可能会影响新兴的功能连接组。
