Dirección General de Difusión e Investigación, Dirección de Investigación, Comisión Nacional de Arbitraje Médico, Ciudad de México.
Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo León.
Cir Cir. 2022;90(4):517-524. doi: 10.24875/CIRU.21000102.
To identify the association between general empathy and medical empathy. Detect predictors of the level of medical empathy from general empathy. To determine the psychosocial profile that describes the relationship between general empathy, medical empathy, and demographic and academic characteristics in medical students.
Descriptive cross-sectional design. Medical students completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-student version (JSPE-S).
Relatively high levels of general and medical empathy were detected. The total score of the IRI and the JSPE-S and their dimensions correlated positively (r = 0.14-0.52), except for the dimension personal distress of the IRI. The score of the IRI dimension empathic concern was the best predictor of the JSPE-S score and its dimensions (b = 0.27-0.54). Four profiles were detected: 1) men, preference for technology-oriented specialty, less empathy; 2) pre-clinical period students, less empathy; 3) students of the clinical period, greater empathy; and 4) women, preference for patient-oriented specialty, greater empathy.
General and medical empathy are associated. Differentiated empathic profiles will allow the design of instructional strategies in empathy according to the specific needs of each one.
确定一般同理心与医学同理心之间的关联。从一般同理心预测医学同理心水平的预测因子。确定描述医学生一般同理心、医学同理心以及人口统计学和学术特征之间关系的社会心理特征。
描述性的横断面设计。医学生完成了人际反应指数（IRI）和杰斐逊医生同理心量表-学生版（JSPE-S）。
检测到相对较高的一般同理心和医学同理心水平。IRI 和 JSPE-S 的总分及其维度呈正相关（r = 0.14-0.52），除了 IRI 维度的个人困扰。IRI 维度的同理心关怀得分是 JSPE-S 得分及其维度（b = 0.27-0.54）的最佳预测因子。检测到四个特征：1）男性，对技术导向专业的偏好，同理心较低；2）临床前阶段的学生，同理心较低；3）临床阶段的学生，同理心较强；4）女性，对以患者为中心的专业的偏好，同理心较强。
一般同理心和医学同理心相关。有区别的同理心特征将允许根据每个人的具体需求设计同理心的教学策略。
